Hillman et al., 2003
Which ERP amplitude did the researchers focus on?
P3 Amplitude
How many participants were there in the study, and what was their demographic? (Age range and cognitive characteristic)
Ten elderly subjects diagnosed with major depressive disorder
What type of imaging technique was used in this study?
fMRI
How many papers were included in the study?
79
What cognitive task was used in the study?
Eriksen's Flankers task
What were the two major limitations of the study?
1) Small sample size (n = 10).
2) Maximum heart rate was an estimation (220 - age)
Who participated in the study?
Fifteen healthy female college students, aged 19 to 22
Of all the study types included in the analysis, which type of study produced the most significant effects?
Randomized Control Trials
What was exercise's effect on P3 amplitude?
Increased it
How long was the separation between session 1 and session 2?
The sessions were 1 month apart.
Where was the study conducted?
East China Normal University
What were the secondary moderating factors?
Design of the study, sample characteristics, time of exercise session, and the specific cognitive tasks.
20 moderate to highly active undergraduate kinesiology students. 10 male, 10 female.
A 30-minute exercise bout contributes to improvement in attention and inhibitory control, but not _________ __________
Working memory
What was the cognitive task used in the study, and which condition of the task evoked the most brain activity?
The N-Back Task
The 2-back condition of the task evoked significant activity
The size of the benefit depends on a number of factors, but results indicate that benefits are larger for more fit individuals who perform the physical activity for how long?
20 min or longer.
What type of tasks may be more sensitive to the beneficial effects of exercise?
Attentionally demanding tasks
What were the three neuropsychological tests performed during and after exercise?
1. The Digit Span Test (DST)
2. The Stroop Color-Word Test (SCW)
3. The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)
The researchers concluded that acute exercise may have a greater effect on executive function tasks that require a ______ cognitive load.
Heavier
What were the four primary moderators of the studies?
Exercise duration, exercise intensity, type of cognitive performance assessed, and participant fitness