The Balancing Act
For this, you give D.I.C.K.
What is hyperkalemia?
This gives you information about what is present in your urine and gives you details of your urinary sediment. It will reveal the presence of casts, blood cells and proteins.
What is urinalysis?
Low serum albumin
What is prerenal?
An accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
What is azotemia?
The most commonly seen acid-base imbalance in AKI
What is metabolic acidosis?
What is sodium?
Hold this for 48 hours before and after administration of contrast media
What is metformin?
Direct damage to parenchyma
What is intrarenal?
Most common clinical manifestation of acute kidney injury.
What is oliguria?
This ion is depleted in an effort to buffer waste products and acidic ions. This ion also experiences defective reabsorption and regeneration.
What is bicarb?
What is protein?
The most reliable way to determine the intrarenal cause of AKI
What is renal biopsy?
Urine sediment from urinalysis may be normal.
What is prerenal and postrenal?
When there is damage to or dysfunction with the glomerular membrane/ filtration barrier, this type of -urea may be seen.
What is proteinuria.
Near the end of this phase of AKI, acid-base values stabilize
What is the diuretic phase?
What is fluid?
This may not be evident until there is a loss of more than 50% of kidney function.
What is an increase in/ elevated serum creatinine?
The most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients; it most often develops from ischemia, nephrotoxins, or sepsis.
What is intrarenal?
*acute tubular necrosis*
These are formed from the mucoprotein impressions of necrotic epithelial cells that have sloughed off into the tubules and can be seen in urinalysis.
What are casts?
The kidneys cannot excrete me, so I enter the intracellular space forcing potassium out.
What are hydrogen ions?
or
What is hydrogen?
When conservative measures are not working to normalize fluid, acid-base, and electrolytes, providers turn to me to efficiently balance things out. I can also remove serum waste.
What is renal replacement therapy?
This contrast media is contraindicated in patients with kidney impairment and can be fatal.
What is gadolinium?
If left untreated, tubular atrophy and irreversible kidney fibrosis may result.
What is postrenal?
*bilateral ureteral obstruction*
Urine osmolality and specific gravity mirror me on urinalysis
What is plasma?
In severe metabolic acidosis, this type of breathing serves as a compensatory mechanism
What are Kussmaul respirations?