Fish
How does fish coloration help predator and prey fish? Explain both please:)
SURVIVE
To help them blend in with their environment
- Allows fish to avoid being seen by a predator
(Some fish, such as the flat fishes (Pleuronectiformes), can change their skin coloration to match the surrounding habitat)
CATCH PREY
- Countershading -->Sharks that have counter shading are dark on the dorsal (upper) side and light on the ventral (lower) side.
- Prey looking down on the shark will see a dark shark against a dark sea bottom, making it hard to detect the shark.
- Prey looking up at the shark, will see the light belly of the shark on the light background of the ocean surface water lit by the sun or moon.
What does angiosperm mean?
It means enclosed seeds. It is a way that flower protect their seeds.
What are 4 examples of desert plant adaptations?
1. wavy leaves
2. heat reflectors
3. shade providers
4. Drought resistors
Describe how the marking of how a dark lines that runs through a fish's eye helps the fish's survival
- Jackknife fish (Equetus lanceolatus), high-hat (Equetus acuminatus), some angel fishes (Pomacanthidae)
- Hide eyes so that other animals cannot tell where the fish is looking or even if it is a fish.
- May be a sight-line for aiming attacks on prey.
How have the plant roots adapted to benefit the plant?
1. Roots to seek out water and minerals
2. Roots anchor plant to the ground
Explain a desert plant's wavy coating.
Plants have small opening in their tissues called stomata. Moisture evaporates, or transpires, through a plant's stomata. Some desert plants have an oily coating on their leaves or pads that traps moisture, thereby reducing water loss.
How do light up organs (aka bioluminescence) benefit a fish's survival? And what is it?
(Bioluminescence can occur two different ways: through symbiotic bacteria living on the fish or through self-luminous cells called photophores)
- Use this light to attract prey and mates
What does the plants' vascular system do?
Distributes water and nutrients to all parts of the plant connecting routes to leaves and vise versa
(like a vast plumbing network)
Explain a desert plant's heat reflectors. S'il te plait.
Many desert plants have light-colored spines, hairs, or leaves that act as heat reflectors, though on a very small scale. Fine hairs covering the leaves of many desert plants trap moisture as well as reflect sunlight.
How and why do fish use venom?
WHY
- As a form of defense.
HOW
Fish deliver the toxins through the use of a spine. Venomous spines can have poison glands along the grove of the spine (stingrays), or at the base of the spine (catfish).
How do the bright flowers benefit the plant?
To attract insects
Insects, through visits to neighboring flowers, ensure cross pollination cross fertilization and thereby the next generation of this plant.
Explain a desert plant's drought resistors.
Desert plants can balloon and shrink depending on the availability of water. When it rains in the desert, these plants can increase as much as 50 percent through water absorption. In drought periods, these desert sponges gradually shrink as they use their internal water to help them survive.
How are electric organs are used? (there are multiple ways besides shocking prey)
Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) possess an electric sense system known as the ampullae of Lorenzini. This system consists of many tiny gel-filled canals positioned on the head of the fish.
- Fish are able to detect the weak electric fields produced by prey.
- Fish can detect the electric fields they induce when swimming through the earth’s magnetic field (kinda like a compass).
Some species of skates and rays also have electricity-producing organs.
- ELECTRIC RAY -->Located on either side of the head (behind the eyes)--> shock and stun their prey.
- SKATE --> Located near the tail --> weak electric fields not capable of stunning prey.
- Skate’s electric organs are used for communication and mate location.
-ELECTRIC EEL --> 1. use weak electric fields for navigation, prey location, and communication --> 2. strong electric fields to stun potential prey.
If plant adaptations did not happen (such as flowers, roots, vascular system, etc) to a plant species in a wetter environment.
- searching routes (plant length and width) decrease (additional something will be needed for grip)
- a waxy cuticle isn't needed --> water loss is not a problem in the wet environment --> water and minerals can be taken up on surface of the plant --> no need for vascular system
- Low to the ground and spread out
- No flowers for sexual reproduction with all this water --> gametes swim
Explain a desert plant's shade providing adaption.
Some desert plants use their spines and leaves as parasols to create pockets of shade. Look closely at a cholla cactus. Its spines are arranged in such a way that the branches of the cactus are shaded from the sun's intense rays. Dead leaves lying against a Joshua tree trunk perform the same function. They create a layer of shade.