ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
Change into passive: “He writes a letter.”
A letter is written by him.
Direct to indirect: “He said, ‘I am tired.’”
He said that he was tired.
She do not like coffee.
does not
Lucid → antonym
confusing / obscure
“can you tell me the time” asked Riya
“Can you tell me the time?” asked Riya.
Change into active: “The cake was eaten by the children.”
The children ate the cake.
Direct to indirect: “She said, ‘I will call you tomorrow.’”
She said that she would call me the next day.
He denied to go to the party.
denied going
Expedite → synonym:
hurry / speed up
“it is raining” she said “take your umbrella”
“It is raining,” she said. “Take your umbrella.”
Change into passive: “They are cleaning the room.”
The room is being cleaned by them.
Indirect to direct: He said that he had finished his work.
“I have finished my work,” he said.
Everyone must do their duty sincerely
his/her
Benevolent → opposite
use in a sentence for double marks. If proper meaningful sentence then only double marks will be awarded.
Malevolent
The teacher said to the class you have done very well today
“oh what a beautiful sight it is”
The teacher said to the class, “You have done very well today.”
“Oh! What a beautiful sight it is!”
Change into active: “The work will be finished by tomorrow.”
Change into passive: “People speak English all over the world.”
They will finish the work by tomorrow.
English is spoken all over the world.
Direct to indirect: “She said, ‘Wow! What a beautiful dress!’”
She exclaimed that it was a very beautiful dress.
He has went to the market.
Each of the boys have completed.
has gone
has
She accepted the news with bitter sweetness.
“The marriage counselor filed for divorce.”
Oxymoron
irony -Reality contradicts the expected role or meaning (sarcastic contrast).
“The world is a stage, and we are merely players.”
“I have told you a thousand times not to shout.”
Metaphor
Hyperbole
Change into passive: “She has posted the parcel.”
Change into active: “The decision has been taken by the committee.”
The parcel has been posted by her.
The committee has taken the decision.
Direct to indirect: “He said, ‘Please help me.’”
Direct to indirect: “The teacher said, ‘Work hard.’”
He requested me to help him.
The teacher advised us to work hard.
If I will be rich, I shall buy.
Neither of the answers are correct.
am
is
“A boiled egg every morning is hard to beat.”
Who can deny the power of truth?
pun - Play on words: “hard to beat” refers to both competition and literal hardness.
Rhetorical Question
“The boy with the dark soul smiled brightly.”
“Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.”
3rd qsn for 200+ points
“The child asked for a ‘tiny’ slice of cake — half the cake, actually.”
Oxymoron (Contradictory terms: dark soul / smiled brightly)
Alliteration
Irony — saying the opposite of what is meant for humorous or emphatic effect.