Addiction

Addiction.

100

What is addiction?

the need for a substance or process

200

What is the etiology of addiction?

- brain disease

- peer pressure

- social acceptance

- self medicate/ pleasure

- genetics

300

What are the risk factors associated with addiction?

- peer pressure

- family hx

- mental illness

- loneliness, depression, low self esteem

- lack of support

Substance Abuse

100

What is substance abuse?

Use of any chemical in a way that is normal in medical or social aspects

200

What are opiates and the treatment for them?

Opiate is a prescribed pain med and heroin

Treatment are MATs. Methadone or suboxone. Both blocks cravings and relieve withdrawal symptoms. Safe in pregnancy.

300

What does a stimulant do to the body? What are the side effects that a person might experience if they are on a stimulant?

Stimulant is a drug that activates the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight).

- increased HR

- increased BP

- insomnia 

- euphoria

- hyperness 

- lack of appetite

- dilated pupils

- palpitations

- hallucinations 

400

What does a depressant do to the body? What are the symptoms of a depressant?

Depressants depress the sympathetic nervous system. 

- decreased Hr

- decreased BP

- decreased RR

- increased sleep

- depression

- dizziness

- confusion

- pinpoint pupils

- retention

500

What are the withdrawal symptoms of a stimulant and depressant?

Depressants > flu like symptoms 

Stimulants > insomnia, loss of interest, depression, fatigue, memory issues, irritability, dulled sense, slowed speech

Alcohol Abuse

100

What are the clinical manifestations of alcohol abuse?

- DT (delirium tremens) after 72hrs

- cirrhosis

- esophageal varices

- gastritis/ GI Bleeding/ ascites

- agitation

- wernicke syndrome 

200

What are the diagnostic tests associated with alcohol abuse?

- CBC

- Liver Enzymes

- Blood Alcohol Level

> 0.2% to 0.25% = can’t sit or stand w/out person

> 0.3% to 0.4% = possible coma

> greater than 0.5% = death

300

What are the treatment options for alcohol abuse?

- Benzodiazepine (Pam’s and xide)

- antiseizure meds

- vitamins

> thiamine, help prevent wernicke

> folic acid

> multivitamin

400

When does alcohol withdrawal occur and what are the symptoms?

begins 6 to 8 hrs after last drink

- sweating

- tremors

- n/v

- agitation

- insomnia

- loss of appetite 

- increased VS

500

When does alcohol withdrawal delirium begin and what are the symptoms?

Begins 2 to 3 days after last drink

- tactile hallucinations

- seizures

- great increase in VS

Nicotine

100

What are the clinical manifestations of nicotine?

- heart disease

- cancer

- COPD

- increased BP/ stroke

- cataracts

- PVD

- deep voice

- chronic cough

200

What are the risk factors associated with nicotine addiction?

- peer pressure

- mental illness

- alcohol/ drugs

- age

- lack of education

- being poor

300

What are the treatment option for nicotine addiction?

- nicotine replacement therapy

- bupropion or varenicine > supress cravings

- E cigarettes 

- hypnotherapy/ acupuncture

- yoga/ massage

NNKT

100

What should a nurse do when administering addictive medications?

Have pt take all medication as prescribed that means, the accurate dose, right patient, and teach how to dispose of the medication (pharmacy).

200

What is CAGE?

Cut Down

Annoyed

Guilty

Eye Opener

300

What is START?

Way for person to stop smoking

Set quit date

Tell people plan to quit

Anticipate challenges

Remove temptations

Talk to doctor