Key Terms
The psychological or physical need for a substance or process to the extent that an individual will risk negative consequences to meet their need
Addiction
What are the two main tests for liver function?
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
What cells are damaged in the liver from alcohol?
Hepatocytes
Name 3 risk factors of addiction/alcohol use disorder?
Socioeconomic status, genetics, social/cultural norms, binge drinking, starting at an early age, depression/mental health problems, history of trauma, Native American descent, children of alcoholics
The process of helping an addicted individual safely through withdrawal
detoxification
What is the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for operating a vehicle?
0.08%
Jaundice, ascites, portal hypertension, esophageal varicies, fatigue, and weight loss are all signs/symptoms of what?
Cirrhosis
How many drinks/day is considered to be binge drinking?
5 drinks/day on one day in the past 30 days
Requiring greater quantities of a substance to achieve the same pleasurable effects
Tolerance
What is the normal range for aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
5-34 U/L
TRUE or FALSE: Alcohol passes through breast milk.
TRUE
What percentage of ingested alcohol is metabolized by the liver?
95%
Use of any chemical in a manner inconsistent with medical or culturally defined social norms despite physical, psychological, or social adverse effects
substance abuse
What scale is used to assess withdrawal?
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol (CIWA) Scale
How and where is alcohol absorbed and excreted?
Absorbed by mouth, stomach, and digestive tract
Excreted from skin, kidneys, and lungs
What are the five A's of Intervention when talking about addiction?
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange
Behavioral or physical symptoms that result from substance use
Intoxication
What are some diagnostic liver function tests?
AST, ALT, GGT, MCV
Stages of Liver Disease
Normal-->steatosis (fatty liver)-->Hepatitis--> Fibrosis-->cirrhosis-->hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer)
NCLEX: A nurse holds the hand of a client who is withdrawing from alcohol. What is the nurse's rationale for this intervention?
A. To assess for emotional strength
B. To assess for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
C. To assess for tachycardia
D. To assess for fine tremors
D.