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Pronouns as object of a preposition
Identify the adjective clause
Pronouns with Quantifiers
Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases
Combined Modals
100

The meeting was interesting. I went to it. (which)

The meeting which I went to was interesting.

100
I like the teammate who helped me improve.
Who helped me improve.
100

I know a woman. Both of her children are girls.

I know a woman, both of whose children are girls.

100

Any student who is studying in Hawaii should be prepared for unusual weather. 

Any student studying in Hawaii should be prepared for unusual weather. 

100

MODAL OF ADVICE + PHRASAL MODAL OF NECESSITY

should have to 

200

Olga wrote on a topic. She knew nothing about. (which)

Olga wrote on a topic about which she knew nothing.

200
Anna works in the building that is in the middle of town.
that is in the middle of town.
200

The students who attend this school are very friendly. All of them invited us to activities. 

The students, all of whom invited us to activities, are very friendly.

200

The Taj Mahal which was built in 1631, was commissioned by Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan to act as the tomb for Mumtaz Mahal the empress consort of Mughal Empire from 19 January 1628 to 17 June 1631. 

The Taj Mahal, built in 1631, was commissioned by Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan to act as the tomb for Mumtaz Mahal the empress consort of Mughal Empire from 19 January 1628 to 17 June 1631. 

200

MODAL OF NECESSITY + PHRASAL MODAL OF ABILITY

must be able to 

300

The man was very kind. I talked to him yesterday.(whom)

The man to whom I talked yesterday was very kind.

300
My pets chewed up the toy that I bought.
that I bought
300
People from other countries, (some/have never/ live/ abroad / before), often experience culture shock in the United States. 

People from other countries, some of whom have never lived abroad before, often experience culture shock in the United States. 

300

Pike Place Public Market, which is located in downtown Seattle, and founded in 1907, is the longest running farmer's market in the United States. Visitors can buy anything from fresh fish, to fancy soaps and unique clothing. 

Pike Place Public Market, located in downtown Seattle, and founded in 1907, is the longest running farmer's market in the United States. Visitors can buy anything from fresh fish, to fancy soaps and unique clothing. 

300

MODAL OF POSSIBILITY + PHRASAL MODAL OF ABILITY

may be able to 

400

The candidate did not win the election. I voted for her. (whom)

The candidate whom I voted for did not win the election.

400
Did you move to the city that he recommended?
That he recommended
400

This car has different features. Some of them are interesting. 

This car has different features, some of which are interesting. 

400

The store which is often credited as the "First Starbucks," is not actually the first! However, it's appearance and location draws in many tourists every day. 

The store often credited as the "First Starbucks," is not actually the first! However, it's appearance and location draws in many tourists every day.

400

PHRASAL MODAL OF EXPECTATION + PHRASAL MODAL OF ABILITY

is supposed to be able to

500

She got to know her coworkers very well. She respects most of them greatly.

She got to know her coworkers, most of whom she respects greatly, very well.  

500
The teachers will choose a scholar who exemplifies grit.
who exemplifies grit
500

Honolulu has many cafes. Most of them are not very good. 

Honolulu has many cafes, most of which are not very good. 

500

The Guggenheim Museum, which was founded in 1939, is very popular. It was also one of  Frank Lloyd Wright' s most notable achievements. 

The Guggenheim Museum, founded in 1939, and also one of Frank Lloyd Wright's most notable achievements, is very popular. 

500

FUTURE PHRASAL MODAL + PHRASAL MODAL OF NECESSITY

are going to have to