Early Humans and Civilizations
What is the term for people who move often to find food and follow animal herds?
– Nomadic
Why were pyramids built during the Old Kingdom?
They served as tombs reflecting the pharaoh’s divine power and belief in the afterlife.
The Zhou dynasty claimed power through which belief?
– The Mandate of Heaven
Where did Hinduism first develop?
– India
What was a polis in ancient Greece?
– An independent city-state and its surrounding lands
What major change is known as the Neolithic Revolution?
– The shift from hunting and gathering to farming
What made Mesopotamian city-states easy targets for invaders?
– They fought among themselves and lacked unity
Confucius believed society worked best when
– People respected their roles and practiced virtue
What was the main goal of the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?
To explain how to end suffering by overcoming desire
How was Athenian democracy different from democracy today?
– Only free male citizens could vote directly
How did river flooding contribute to both the prosperity and vulnerability of early river civilizations?
Flooding enriched soil for farming but could also destroy crops and settlements.
What does the Epic of Gilgamesh reveal about Mesopotamian values?
It shows their concern with mortality and the limits of human power.
The Han dynasty is remembered for what achievement?
– Cultural growth and Silk Road trade
What was one main belief of Confucianism?
– Harmony depends on proper behavior and respect in relationships
What did Rome gain after defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars?
– Control of the western Mediterranean
Which ancient region is known as the “Cradle of Civilization”?
– Mesopotamia
Which of the following best compares Mesopotamian and Egyptian religion?
– Egyptians viewed the afterlife more positively than Mesopotamians
The Silk Roads mainly connected China with
– The Roman Empire
How were Confucian and Buddhist ideas similar?
Both valued moral conduct and inner peace over material wealth
Why was Constantine’s conversion to Christianity important?
– It legalized and promoted Christianity in the Roman Empire
Why was Hammurabi’s Code considered a major step in forming organized government?
It established consistent laws applied to all citizens, strengthening central authority.
Why was the lack of natural barriers a major weakness for Mesopotamia?
It left city-states open to invasion and frequent warfare.
What made Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro stand out among early cities?
– Their organized layout and drainage systems
Why was Buddhism appealing to many in ancient India?
– It rejected the rigid caste system
What form of government did Rome develop after overthrowing its kings?
– A republic where citizens elected representatives.