A & P
Hormones
Pathology
Pediatric Pathology
Pathology pt. 2
100

What are the adrenal glands AKA 

Suprarenal glands 

100

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amount of sodium and water in the body? 

Aldosterone 

100

What is the disease characterized by the atrophy of the adrenal cortex from partial or complete destruction of the adrenal glands

Addisons Disease (AKA Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency or Chronic Primary Hypoadrenalism) 

100

What is the most common extracranial solid, malignant tumor in children (ages 2 months-2 years)? 

Neuroblastoma 

100

What is the accessory adrenal gland tissue

Adrenal Rests 

200

Which adrenal gland is triangluar that has portions of it extending posterior to the IVC

Right adrenal gland 

200

What regulates the bodys metabolism by increasing bloods sugar levels, promoting fat breakdown, and inhibiting protein synthesis 

Cortisol

200

Which syndrome results from high levels of cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex? 

Cushings Syndrome 

200

What signs and symptom does blue or purple skin lesions represent? 

Neuroblastoma 

200

What is the rare tumor that can be hyperfunctional or nonfunctional & mimic Cushing syndrome symptoms? 

Adrenal Carcinoma 

300

What do the adrenal glands and anterior pituitary gland function together to regulate? 

Hormone production

300

Which hormone is responsible for male characteristics 

Androgens 

300

Which syndrome results from high levels of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex? 

Conn's Syndrome 

300

What is it called when the adrenal glands spontaneously hemorrhage 

Adrenal Hemorrhage 

300

What disease belongs to these signs & symptoms: 

hypotension, weakness/fatigue, bronze skin, loss of appetite, weight loss, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hyperpigmentation, elevated liver enzymes  

Addisons Disease 

400

What 3 zones are in the adrenal cortex 

glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zone reticularis 

400

What's the primary hormone secreted by the medulla 

Epinephrine (AKA adrenaline) 

400

Explain the two different types of Adrenal Adenomas

Benign non-hyperfunctioning adenoma: The most common primary adrenal tumor 

Hyperfunctioning adenomas: Often seen in patients suffering from Cushing or Conn's Syndrome

400

Why does adrenal hemorrhage occur? 

The large size of the neonatal adrenals 

400

What syndrome has these signs & symptoms: 

"moon face", hypertension, "buffalo hump", abdomen striae, hyperglycemia, obesity, thinning arms & legs, severe fatigue, hirsutism 

Cushings Syndrome 

500

Which adrenal gland lies anteriomedial to the upper pole of the kidney and is crescent-shaped

Left adrenal gland 

500

How does secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone control the release of hormones by the adrenal glands? 

A decrease in adrenal cortical function leads to an increased ACTH (Which then stimulates the adrenal cortex)

An increase in adrenal hormones leads to a drop in ACTH secretion (Which in turn leads to a drop in the activity of the adrenal cortex) 

500

What is the benign mass that arises from the adrenal medulla that causes uncontrollable hypertension? (it secretes non-epinephrine and epinephrine) 

Pheochromocytomas 

500

Explain the difference in how the adrenal hemorrhage looks sonographically in acute vs. older stages

Acute stage: Hematoma appears echogenic

Older stage: Heterogenous, hypoechoic and cystic

500

Which syndrome has these signs & symptoms: 

hypertension, excessive thirst, excessive urination, hypernatremia, hypokalemia 

Conn's Syndrome