What are the adrenal glands AKA
Suprarenal glands
Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amount of sodium and water in the body?
Aldosterone
What is the disease characterized by the atrophy of the adrenal cortex from partial or complete destruction of the adrenal glands
Addisons Disease (AKA Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency or Chronic Primary Hypoadrenalism)
What is the most common extracranial solid, malignant tumor in children (ages 2 months-2 years)?
Neuroblastoma
What is the accessory adrenal gland tissue
Adrenal Rests
Which adrenal gland is triangluar that has portions of it extending posterior to the IVC
Right adrenal gland
What regulates the bodys metabolism by increasing bloods sugar levels, promoting fat breakdown, and inhibiting protein synthesis
Cortisol
Which syndrome results from high levels of cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex?
Cushings Syndrome
What signs and symptom does blue or purple skin lesions represent?
Neuroblastoma
What is the rare tumor that can be hyperfunctional or nonfunctional & mimic Cushing syndrome symptoms?
Adrenal Carcinoma
What do the adrenal glands and anterior pituitary gland function together to regulate?
Hormone production
Which hormone is responsible for male characteristics
Androgens
Which syndrome results from high levels of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex?
Conn's Syndrome
What is it called when the adrenal glands spontaneously hemorrhage
Adrenal Hemorrhage
What disease belongs to these signs & symptoms:
hypotension, weakness/fatigue, bronze skin, loss of appetite, weight loss, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hyperpigmentation, elevated liver enzymes
Addisons Disease
What 3 zones are in the adrenal cortex
glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zone reticularis
What's the primary hormone secreted by the medulla
Epinephrine (AKA adrenaline)
Explain the two different types of Adrenal Adenomas
Benign non-hyperfunctioning adenoma: The most common primary adrenal tumor
Hyperfunctioning adenomas: Often seen in patients suffering from Cushing or Conn's Syndrome
Why does adrenal hemorrhage occur?
The large size of the neonatal adrenals
What syndrome has these signs & symptoms:
"moon face", hypertension, "buffalo hump", abdomen striae, hyperglycemia, obesity, thinning arms & legs, severe fatigue, hirsutism
Cushings Syndrome
Which adrenal gland lies anteriomedial to the upper pole of the kidney and is crescent-shaped
Left adrenal gland
How does secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone control the release of hormones by the adrenal glands?
A decrease in adrenal cortical function leads to an increased ACTH (Which then stimulates the adrenal cortex)
An increase in adrenal hormones leads to a drop in ACTH secretion (Which in turn leads to a drop in the activity of the adrenal cortex)
What is the benign mass that arises from the adrenal medulla that causes uncontrollable hypertension? (it secretes non-epinephrine and epinephrine)
Pheochromocytomas
Explain the difference in how the adrenal hemorrhage looks sonographically in acute vs. older stages
Acute stage: Hematoma appears echogenic
Older stage: Heterogenous, hypoechoic and cystic
Which syndrome has these signs & symptoms:
hypertension, excessive thirst, excessive urination, hypernatremia, hypokalemia
Conn's Syndrome