Adrenergic Receptors
The nurse is caring for a patient who has asthma and administers a selective beta2-adrenergic agonist to treat bronchospasm. The nurse will expect this drug to also cause which side effect? A. Increased blood glucose B. Increased blood pressure C. Increased heart rate D. Increased gastrointestinal (GI) motility
What is A? Rationale: Drugs that act on beta2 receptors activate glyconeogenesis in the liver causing increased blood glucose. Selective beta2 drugs act on beta2 receptors only and not on beta1 receptors, so they do not cause increased blood pressure or increased heart rate. Adrenergic agonists cause decreased GI motility.
The nurse interprets that a client who says they take a benzodiazepine should not take this herbal preparation concurrently
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A patient who has asthma is diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse understands that which drug will be safe to give this patient? A. Pindolol (Visken) B. Metoprolol (Lopressor) C. Nadolol (Corgard) D. Propranolol (Inderal)
What is B? Rationale: Metoprolol is a selective adrenergic blocker that has a greater affinity for receptors that decrease heart rate and blood pressure and is less likely to cause bronchospasm. The other adrenergic blockers are not selective and can cause bronchoconstriction.
Side effects of this drug include nasal congestion, Drowsiness, Male sexual dysfunction
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The nurse administers subcutaneous epinephrine to a patient who is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse should expect to monitor the patient for which symptom? A. Bradycardia B. Decreased urine output C. Hypotension D. Nausea and vomiting
What is B? Rationale: Epinephrine can cause renal vasoconstriction and thereby reduce renal perfusion and decrease urinary output. Epinephrine causes tachycardia and elevates blood pressure. Nausea and vomiting are not expected to occur.
The nurse is preparing to administer bethanechol (Urecholine) to a patient who is experiencing urinary retention. The nurse notes that the patient has a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg and a heart rate of 98 beats per minute. The nurse will perform which action? A. Administer the drug and monitor urine output. B. Administer the medication and monitor vital signs frequently. C. Give the medication and notify the provider of the increased heart rate. D. Hold the medication and notify the provider of the decreased blood pressure.
What is D? Rationale: Side effects of this medication are a decrease in the pulse rate and vasodilation, which can exacerbate bradycardia and hypotension. The nurse should hold the drug and notify the provider.
An adult patient is brought to the emergency department for treatment of an asthma exacerbation. The patient uses inhaled albuterol as needed to control wheezing. The nurse notes expiratory wheezing, tremors, restlessness, and a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. The nurse suspects that the patient has A. over-used the albuterol. B. not been using albuterol. C. taken a beta-adrenergic blocker. D. taken a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor.
What is A? Rationale: High doses of albuterol may affect beta1 receptors, causing an increase in heart rate. Patients having an asthma exacerbation may over-use their albuterol inhalers when seeking relief. Patients may have wheezing and increased heart rate during an untreated asthma exacerbation, but they will not have tremors and restlessness.
The contraindication is an enlarged prostate gland
What is bethanechol (Urecholine)?
Drug used for both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
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The nurse caring for a patient who is taking an adrenergic agent will expect which side effects? (Select all that apply.) A. Dilated pupils B. Increased heart rate C. Increase gastrointestinal motility D. Vasodilation E. Bronchospasm F.Relaxed uterine muscles
What is A, B, F? Rationale: Adrenergic agents stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, evoking the “fight or flight” response. This response increases those functions needed to respond to stress (increased heart rate to perfuse muscles, bronchodilation to increase oxygen exchange). Adrenergic drugs shunt blood away from the reproductive tract and gastrointestinal organs as these functions are not needed during a fight or flight response.
- Direct-Acting Cholinergic - Used to stimulate muscarinic receptors to stimulate urination -Side effects include hypotension, bradycardia, and bronchoconstriction
What is bethanechol (Urecholine)?
Cholinergic drugs have specific effects on the body. What are the actions of cholinergic medications? (Select all that apply.) A. Dilate pupils B. Decrease heart rate C. Stimulate gastric muscle D. Dilate blood vessels E. Dilate bronchioles F. Increase salivation G. Constrict pupils
What is B, C, D, F, G? Rationale: Decreasing heart rate, stimulating gastric muscles, dilating blood vessels, increasing salivation, and constricting pupils are actions of the cholinergic drugs.
There is one heart and two lungs
What is Beta 1 and Beta 2?
A nerve agent has been released. The nurse knows that this drug will be used
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The country faces a national medical emergency what measure is put in place to avoid running out of medication
What is the national stockpile?
This drug used for muscle relaxation has the side effects of sedation & dry mouth,
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