Pathophysiology
Anatomic or functional condition that blocks or impedes the flow of urine
What is urinary obstruction?
Name of classic area of pain on physical exam for pyelonephritis
What is CVA tenderness?
Urine test to help determine the type of antibiotics needed for UTI
What is urine culture/sensitivity?
First thing to rule out with new onset urinary incontinence
What is infection?
Goal for fluid intake after kidney stone for most patients
What is 3L/day?
Most common type of bacteria to cause urinary tract infections
What is E.Coli?
The sudden, severe onset of flank pain with a kidney stone
What is renal colic?
Preferred test to evaluate urinary retention
Typical length of antibiotic treatment for recurrent UTI
What is 7-14 days?
Potential complications following lithotripsy (name three)
What are hematuria, hemorrhage, infection, or obstruction?
Name two examples of intrarenal sources of acute kidney injury
What is prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxins, blockage from hemoglobin from hemolyzed RBCs, excessive myoglobin, and kidney disease (like lupus)?
Typical urinary output seen in initial phase of acute kidney injury
What is oliguria and less than 400ml/day?
Preferred imaging study for evaluating pyelonephritis
What is a CT scan?
What is place a urinary catheter?
Common types of fluids to avoid in patients with a kidney stone
What are colas/sodas, tea, and coffee?
The most common type of urinary stone
What is calcium?
Types of symptoms to monitor for in older adults with new onset UTI (name two)
What are nonspecific abdominal discomfort, confusion/delirium, and lack of fever?
Helpful test to determine cause of kidney stones if unable to obtain the stone itself
Name three indications for an indwelling catheter
What are relief of urinary retention, bladder decompression preop or postop, facilitate surgery/healing, maintain accurate I&0, stage 3/4 pressure ulcer, and terminal illness?
Name 3 ways for a patient to help prevent future UTIs
What is empty bladder routinely and completely, ensure adequate fluid intake, have a regular bowel movement, void after intercourse, wipe front to back when using the bathroom, complete full course of antibiotics, etc?
What 'P' stand for in DRIP when determining cause of urinary incontinence
What is polypharmacy and polyuria?
Post void residual amount that would prompt further evaluation of urinary retention
What is over 200ml?
Name two types of blood tests to monitor for in a patient with acute kidney injury
What is serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, etc?
Name of procedure that commonly treats large stones via ultrasound shock waves
What is lithotripsy?
Name two ways to help prevent acute kidney injury
What are stay hydrated, avoid nephrotoxic medications (NSAIDs, etc), keep your routine appointments with provider, avoid hypotension, avoid IV contrast, etc?