Show:
Hypertension
DVT
PE
Arterial
Disease
Venous
Disease
100
What are the types of hypertension?
What is primary (essential), secondary, and isolated systolic hypertension
100
What are the risk factors for DVT?
What is Virchow's triad (trauma to the vein, hypercoagulability, and blood clots), trauma, immobility, obesity, bed rest, oral contraceptives, people with a history of DVT, and surgical patients that are post-op.
100
What is a pulmonary embolism?
What is a clot in the lungs. This obstructs pulmonary arteries --> inflammation.
100
What are the risk factors for arterial disease?
What is obesity, sedentary lifestyle, bed rest, may be secondary to peripheral arterial disease, and plaque and arterial sclerosis.
100
What is peripheral venous disease?
What is chronic venous insufficiency. It is when blood flow through the veins is impaired.
200
What are the precursors to hypertension?
What is headaches, nose bleeds, angina (chest pain), diabetes, neuropathy, and decreased sensory ability
200
What are the clinical manifestations of DVT?
What is edema, pain in calf, tenderness, warmth, and erythema.
200
What are the clinical manifestations of PE?
What is tachypnic, coughing due to inflammation, hemoptysis, pulmonary necrosis, decreased medical status, sudden chest pain, tachycardia, dyspnea, and anxiety.
200
What are the general characteristics of arterial disease?
What is lower extremities are cool to touch; skin is pale, shiny, taut, and thin; minimal to no hair growth on lower legs; minimal drainage; intermittent claudication (pain with activity/walking).
200
What are clinical manifestations of ulcers related to PVD?
What is shallow, superficial, irregular shape, and small to large. They are painful related to edema, phlebitis, or infection. These ulcers usually appear on the lower leg and ankle. Frequently the individual develops contact dermatitis.
300
What is a hypertensive urgency?
Blood pressure is high, but there is no evidence of immediate organ damage. Patient may have undiagnosed hypertension, but don't have symptoms of an MI or CVA. There is still time to get the blood pressure down.
300
What are the signs and symptoms for when Heparin is too high?
What is bruising, hemorrhaging, hypovolemia, tachycardia, blood in urine and/or stool, bleeding, bleeding from IV sites, pale, and hypotensive.
300
What would the nurse do if their patient with a PE became cyanotic?
What is assess, call the HCP, and get an order for immediate oxygen.
300
What are the ulcer characteristics of arterial disease?
What is full-thickness wound, deep and painful, wound edges are smooth, main located on the lateral foot and can occur anywhere on the lower leg or foot, periwound skin pale, and wound bed contains bright red granulation tissue.
300
What are contributing factors to venous disease?
What is prolonged standing, prolonged sitting, bedrest, hypercoagulation (increased clotting), vein wall trauma, tortuous veins, pregnancy, and obesity.
400
What is a hypertensive crisis?
There is some sort of organ damage going on in the body. Blood pressure is so high that it causes organ damage. Must be lowered immediately to prevent organ damage. Patient could be presenting with stroke symptoms.
400
What is a PTT and what is it used for?
What is a partial thromboplastin time. This is a baseline clotting time. You will need to get this lab before the APTT becasue you need to find the normal clotting time first. Normal baseline --> 30-45 seconds.
400
What does a Heparin drip do for a patient with PE?
What is keep the embolism from getting bigger and preventing the clot from breaking off and spreading elsewhere in the body.
400
What does Trental treat and what does it do?
What is intermittent claudication. It helps by changing the blood and making it vasoactive to get more blood flow.
400
Does pain in chronic venous disease increase or decrease at the end of the day?
What is increase.
500
What is the DASH diet?
What is a low sodium diet consisting of fruits and vegetables, low sodium, and low fat foods.
500
What is an APTT?
What is an activated partial thromboplastin time. This is a lab drawn after the heparin is administered. It is considered "activated" once heparin is in the blood thinning it out. Clotting time after heparin is administered: longer than 45 seconds. APTT will always be 1.5-2 time larger than PTT.
500
What position do you want a patient in when they are laying in bed with a PE?
What is High-Fowler's position.
500
What is the clinical manifestation of arterial disease?
Caused by plaque and arteriosclerosis. This is hardening of the arteries which results in not enough blood and oxygen getting to your legs.
500
What are some alleviating factors to venous disease pain?
What is elevation, lying, and/or walking.