Immune
What’s the first drug you give for anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine IM (first line)
What’s the first diagnostic test for stroke symptoms?
CT scan
What’s the treatment for high ammonia levels in cirrhosis?
Lactulose — binds ammonia, patient poops it out
What’s the first thing you give for hypovolemic shock?
IV fluids
isotonic crystalloids (0.9% NS or LR)
What’s the most life-threatening symptom of anaphylaxis?
Airway Swelling laryngeal edema
Which stroke has a “thunderclap headache” as a hallmark sign?
Hemorrhagic stroke
What lab values rise in acute pancreatitis?
↑Amylase, ↑Lipase, ↑BG, ↓Calcium
Which type of shock has angioedema and airway swelling?
Anaphylactic shock
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
Type I
what is Cushings Triad?
Bradycardia, Hypertension (widened pulse pressure), Irregular respirations
What are Cullen’s sign and Turner’s sign?
Cullen’s sign (umbilical bruising), Turner’s sign (flank bruising)
What’s the most common cause of cardiogenic shock?
Heart failure or MI
What type of medication must patients rinse their mouth after using?
Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., Budesonide, Fluticasone)
What’s the priority action for autonomic dysreflexia?
Sit patient up, check for bladder/bowel distention, fix cause, notify HCP
What’s the priority action for a patient vomiting blood from esophageal varices?
Airway protection, stop bleeding, IV fluids/blood transfusion
What’s the goal MAP for a patient in shock?
MAP >65 mmHg
What does a positive Chvostek’s sign indicate?
Hypocalcemia
What’s the Glasgow Coma Scale score for a coma?
8 (GCS ≤8 = intubate)
What’s the main cause of chronic pancreatitis?
Alcohol abuse
How do you know shock treatment is working?
↑BP, ↑urine output, ↓lactic acid, stable ABGs