Module 1: Intro + History
Module 2: Psychopathology Theories + Treatment
Module 3: Assessment & Diagnosis
Module 4: Trauma Related Disorders
Module 5: Anxiety + OCD Disorders
100

Name 2 critiques of categorizing behaviors into abnormal/normal 

What is non-normative in one culture may be normative in another (ex: kissing strangers on cheek normal in Europe), categorization carries a social stigma so labelling can be hurtful/discriminatory, just bc something is distressing/dysfunctional doesn't mean it’s not normative (ex: doomscrolling)

100

Name the three components of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

ego, superego, id

100

Is Generalized Anxiety Disorder a categorical or a continuous diagnosis?

categorical- diagnositc criteria differentiate between normative and psychopathology

continuum- GAD criteria can be met in many different combinations of symptoms. Subthreshold GAD exists too.

100

List 2 of the 4 required symptoms of PTSD

re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance, negative changes in thought/mood, hypervigilance/chronic arousal

100

Are men or women more likely to develop social anxiety disorder?

Women

200

Psychopathology focuses on behaviors that are _

atypical/unexpected/outside of social norms

200

List the three divisions of the brain and their functions

hindbrain- critical life functions

midbrain- sensory input relay, reward regulation

forebrain- complex cognition (composed of all 4 lobes, this is what people think of when they imagine the brain)

200

If I wanted to administer a clinical assessment of PTSD (ex: Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, CAPS) would that be a structured or unstructured interview?

structured- standardized questions, reliable at assessing construct, lack flexibility to ask client questions specific to their situation

unstructured- open-ended questions based on client responses

200

What is the difference between Acute Stress disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?

Acute stress disorder symptoms begin within 1 month of exposure, last no more than 4 weeks.

PTSD symptoms can appear at any time after the trauma, symptoms last > 1 month

200

What is the difference between fear and anxiety?

Fear is an immediate response to a real/perceived threat

Anxiety is a future oriented apprehension, dread, or tension

300

Name the 4Ds of Abnormality

Distress, dysfunction, deviance, and dangerousness

300

Describe the difference between classical and operant conditioning

classical- neutral stimulus (bed) + response-inducing stimulus (rest/sleep) -> laying on bed = feeling tired

operant- behavior shaped by reward and punishment (comfortable making more jokes if people laugh, make less if there’s complete silence)

300

Describe the difference between validity and reliability

Validity- are you assessing the construct of interest? (ex: is the arrow hitting the target or the wall around it?)

Reliability- are you consistent in your measurement? (ex: are the arrows hitting the same general area?)

300

Name 2 of the 4 criteria the DSM-5 uses to define trauma (exposure to __, __ __, or __ __; must be directly __, __, happened to someone __, or __ to details)

exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence that creates feelings of fear or helplessness

must be witnessed, directly experienced, or must learn it happened to someone close to you, or must have extreme exposure to the details (like a first responder)

300

How long do panic attacks last before they peak?

Typically reach their peak within a few minutes
400

Define cultural relativism

Label actions as normative/abnormal based on the culture, no universal rules for what is normal/abnormal

400

What is the difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

neurotransmitters- biochemical messengers carrying electrical impulses from one neuron to another (neurotransmitters operate on neuron level)

hormones- messengers carrying information through the blood 


400

What does the Bender-Gestalt Test tell us?

Differentiates people with brain damage from people without

400

Which region of the brain engages the flight or fight response?

hypothalamus

400

What function does the worry that defines GAD serve?

People use it as a way to manage emotions and reduce negative affect

500

What is the difference between prevalence and incidence of a disorder?

Prevalence = proportion of population with disorder over a specified period of time

Incidence = # of new cases of a disorder over time

500

Psychotherapy typically focuses on the individual (functional/cognitive impairments, maladaptive behavior). Why might this be a problem when considering treatment in non-individualistic cultures?

Many cultures are collectivist, focusing on the community over the individual, so individual impairment might manifest as problems attending to others’ needs/understanding social cues/etc. A multicultural approach can help observe and identify problems that may be different from ones we are used to in Western culture.

500

What is the difference between Computerized Tomography (CT) and Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)?

CT- makes a 3D image of brain structure by measuring X-rays absorbed by head

PET- makes a functional image of brain by injecting radioactive isotope and observing its movement (aka brain activity)

500

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is different from Exposure Therapy because?

CBT involves restructuring thoughts around experience (cognitive) and learning healthy coping techniques (behavioral)

ET involves writing out trauma and reliving experience in a safe environment to desensitize them

500

Name the gold standard treatment for most anxiety disorders

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy