Module 5: Mood Disorders & Suicide
(Men/women) are 2-3X more vulnerable to depression than (men/women)
women; men
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear is an immediate response to a real/perceived threat
Anxiety is a future oriented apprehension, dread, or tension
Main difference between Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?
duration: ASD <= 1 month, PTSD continues >= 1 month/begins >=1 month after trauma
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Carmen experiences impairing periods of depressed mood, excess fatigue, difficulty sleeping and concentrating, along with severe physical pain for about 1 week every month. Which disorder are these symptoms most consistent with?
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
What is the difference between interpretive bias and attention bias when thinking about malcognition in anxiety disorders?
interpretive bias- interpreting neutral situations as threatening (ex: people in library laughing = “they’re laughing at me”)
attention bias- higher sensitivity to cues in environment searching for threats (ex: always scanning room by habit)
Give an example of how avoidance in PTSD might present itself
-avoidance of memories, thoughts, feelings regarding event (remembering the hospital after a car accident)
-avoidance of external reminders that remind of the event (sitting in a car/driving/being on the road after being in an accident)
Difference between obsessions and compulsions
obsessions- repetitive, unwanted mental intrusions (thoughts/images), increase anxiety
compulsions- repetitive bx that reduce anx that follows obsessions
What is one key difference between Persistent Depressive Disorder (aka dysthymia) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
Correct answers:
-PDD has depressed mood for more days than not for >= 2 years, MDD for >= 2 weeks
-PDD can’t be without symptoms for longer than 2 months within 2 year period
A panic attack is a surge of fear/severe discomfort that reaches a peak within _ (time) and requires _ (number) of symptoms (ex: >HR, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, tightness of chest/throat, nausea, chills/heat, numbness/tingling…)
a few minutes; >=4 sx
Name 2 of the 4 criteria the DSM-5 uses to define trauma (exposure to __, __ __, or __ __; must be directly __, __, happened to someone __, or __ to details)
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence that creates feelings of fear or helplessness
must be witnessed, directly experienced, or must learn it happened to someone close to you, or must have extreme exposure to the details (like a first responder)
How does systematic desensitization exposure therapy work?
1. muscle relaxation/coping techniques
2. construct hierarchy of feared stimui
3. face feared stimuli, smallest to largest, with coping techniques, to learn that stimuli isn't that bad
Name the distinguishing characteristics for
-Bipolar I disorder
-Bipolar II disorder
-Cyclothymic disorder
Bipolar I- mood disturbance severe enough to interfere w/occupational/social functioning, >=1 manic episode, typically see major depressive episodes as well
Bipolar II- >= 1 major depressive episode, >= 1 hypomanic episode, no manic episodes
Cyclothymic- chronic/less-severe version of bipolar disorder (like persistent depressive disorder). Several periods of time w/hypomanic symptoms and frequent periods of depression during 2 years (no MDE or manic episodes)
Name anxiety disorders from most to least common (specific phobias, GAD, panic disorder, SAD)
Specific phobias (9%), SAD (7%), Panic & GAD (3%)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for PTSD involves which key component?
prolonged exposure to trauma
How does decatastrophizing work?
imagine worst case scenario and help client understand their faulty logic (ex: Squidward finally quits his job and ends up moving in with his worst enemy Spongebob, help him understand that he can get another job)
Describe the stress generation hypothesis as it relates to depression
idea that stress and depression are bi-directional: stressful events may lead to depression and depressed people may “create difficult circumstances that increase the level of stress in their lives.” pg. 120 Abnormal Psychology 9th ed.
Understanding the preparedness model: which brain regions are involved in the fast pathway? and the slow pathway?
fast- automatic rapid threat detection (thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus)
slow- cognitive appraisal (cortex, think visual cortex, limbic system for memory/emotion retrieval, leads to organized response)
SSRIs are prescribed as a PTSD treatment, but why do they work? And why do traditional antianxiety meds not work?
PTSD and depression are correlated, SSRIs may treat the common factor that’s shared between the two. Traditional anti-anxiety meds don’t address the root cause: effective treatment for PTSD involves prolonged exposure to trauma
Which disorder is breathing retraining often used to help treat?
breathing retraining- educating ppl on effects of hyperventilation and practicing slow breathing
used in panic disorder treatments