Scenarios
A vegan patient not supplementing is most at risk for deficiency of this vitamin.
What is vitamin B12
These foods are the richest sources of vitamin E.
What are nuts and seeds
This test measures oxygen-carrying capacity and is used to assess anemia.
What is hemoglobin
This mineral is required for ATP production and energy metabolism.
What is phosphorus
This mineral supplement is often paired with calcium to reduce constipation side effects.
What is magnesium
A patient with alcoholism is commonly supplemented with this vitamin to prevent neurologic damage.
What is thiamin
This compound in grains can inhibit mineral absorption.
What are phytates
This value reflects the percentage of red blood cells in blood volume.
What is hematocrit
This condition results from chronic vitamin D deficiency in adults.
What is osteomalacia
A patient consumes large amounts of spinach for calcium but shows poor bone density over time. This compound in spinach is most responsible for reducing calcium bioavailability.
What are oxalates (oxalic acid)
This condition is associated with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
What is pellagra
This acid enhances iron absorption by reducing it to a more absorbable form.
What is ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
This lab marker reflects long-term iron storage.
What is ferritin?
A patient supplementing high doses of zinc develops anemia despite adequate iron intake. This deficiency is most likely contributing due to impaired mineral balance.
What is copper deficiency
A serum sodium level of 115 mEq/L would be classified as this condition.
What is hyponatremia
This symptom—night blindness—is linked to deficiency of this vitamin.
What is vitamin A
This mineral is abundant in dairy products and fortified alternatives.
What is calcium
Elevated levels of this compound may indicate folate deficiency.
What is homocysteine
This vitamin deficiency can be masked by high folate intake.
What is vitamin B12 deficiency
A client takes an iron supplement each morning with whole grain toast and tea but shows no improvement in iron status. This dietary combination is most likely limiting absorption due to these two compounds.
What are phytates and tannins
This syndrome can occur when malnourished patients are rapidly refed.
What is refeeding syndrome
These foods are high in sodium and should be limited on a low-sodium diet.
What are processed meats
This electrolyte imbalance may result from excessive water intake.
What is hyponatremia
This intracellular ion is critical for nerve transmission and muscle contraction.
What is potassium
A patient with chronically low calcium levels shows increased bone resorption and elevated active vitamin D. This hormone is most likely elevated.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)