summary
correct, exact
accurate
gives an opinion; states that something is true, should be done, etc.
Choices: acknowledges, discusses, argues, reports
argues
shows that you are about to tell differences between the thing you were just talking about and a new thing
in contrast
sets up the evidence: tells when, where, or any other information the reader will need to understand the evidence
lead-in or context
(antonym of concrete) based on general ideas or qualities rather than specific events or things you can touch, see, hear, etc.
abstract
words/phrases that give credit to others for their idea (according to, maintains, emphasizes, concludes)
reporting words
states that something is true, especially if there is little proof, if it is a new idea, or if there is controversy
claims
Almost exactly the same as “although," but has six words
in spite of the fact that
fact, example, description, or something else that is not simply your opinion or more explanation and supports the topic sentence
evidence
side or part of a problem, relationship, or other abstract thing
aspect
type, class, kind (article, chapter, editorial,)
genre
says what something/someone is like by giving details, often specific or sensory details
describes
“If A doesn’t happen, B will happen.” Similar to “unless” or “if not” but used as a transition.
otherwise
source information (in MLA, author and page # - in APA, author and year) given in the same sentence as the paraphrased or quoted evidence, often in parentheses right after the evidence
parenthetical citation
or in-text citation
a system of ranking which ideas/people/things are more important/powerful
hierarchy
leave out
omit
expresses doubts/challenges or doesn’t agree with an idea
questions
shows that the thing before the word caused or explains the thing after the word (same meaning as “because,” but always in the order of cause > effect), and used as a transition.
therefore
follows evidence; explains how and why the evidence confirms the topic sentence
explanation/analysis/significance
(antonym of abstract) – definite, specific, based on real things
concrete
related and important
relevant
1) tells an idea of what people should do
2) indicates, points to, or supports an idea that is not 100% sure
suggests
before now or another specific time; used as an adverb/ transition between sentences
previously
strong finish that wraps up the essay and provides a sense of a lesson learned
concluding device
not directly or clearly stated; meaning is underlying or hidden (etymology: meaning is "folded in")
implicit