Chaining and Shaping
When you decide to teach a learner to wash their hands, the first thing you do is build a list of steps.
What is a task analysis?
Emily N has to sit at the table and earn five tokens, every 10 minutes, in order to go play in the gym.
What is DTT?
Cierra hits her friend while sitting at circle time, so the teacher says, “No, bad girl!”. Cierra cries and stops hitting people.
Caroline is given a cookie every time she helps her practicum supervisor with a supervision.
Amelia is biting her technician every time she wants a snack. The technician wants her to stop, so she gives her the snack. The BCBA has the technician stop rewarding this and instead, teaches her to ask for the snack with her AAC device.
What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)?
Christian likes to play video games but doesn’t complete his chore sequence. You make playing video games contingent on completing the last step in the sequence and then work your way backwards.
What is backwards chaining?
Brittany has gotten really good at incorporating teaching opportunities into her little friend’s day, while following a schedule but letting him lead the activities.
What is NET?
Kosai can’t stop eating cookies. His coach tells him that every time he eats a cookie, he has to do 20 push-ups. Kosai stops eating cookies because his shoulders hurt.
What is contingent exercise?
Sarah S knows her friends only go out for food once every 6-7 days. When she asks Emily to go get Coney, Emily says yes and they go. Emily says no when Sarah asks again 4 days later, 5 days later, and 6 days later, but on the 7th day, she says yes.
What is an FI7? Bonus chance!
Bob is engaging in lots of elopement during circle time. His tech keeps a stopwatch running and about every minute and a half, checks what Bob is doing. If Bob is not engaged in elopement, he gets a star on his token board.
What is momentary differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)?
Krystal is learning to fire a bow; she has the technique down, but her aim needs some work. You tell her she can have cookies if she can hit three in a row within 10 inches of the bullseye. Then, she can have more cookies when she hits three in a row within 5 inches of the bullseye.
What is shaping within a response topography?
Hannah lets her learner do whatever they want; she has the environment set up so that they he will get learning opportunities just by interacting with toys.
What is free-operant learning?
Lexie is sitting at circle time and won’t stop raising her hand. The teacher tells her that she isn’t going to call on her for 5 minutes, but lets her stay in the circle.
What is non-exclusionary timeout?
Emily K’s math teacher says that she can either work for 10 minutes and then ask for a break, or complete 30 addition problems and then have a break.
What is an alternative schedule of reinforcement?
Ayesha begins going to the gym and you want her to keep it up. Initially, she goes once per week, but you implement a plan where she earns tokens that she can trade for fun outings and slowly increase the number of times she is going to the gym per week.
What is differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior (DRH)?
You are trying to teach Emily a morning routine, as she has a hard time waking up and is always late to the bus stop. Emily rides the bus every day and she loves it. You need to decide what order to teach Emily the steps in.
What is backwards chaining?
Daya is working with her kiddo on tacting fluency; she has over 1000 unique objects spread across over 3000 unique pictures and takes data on how many the learner can label in one minute, graphing that data as a rate of improvement over time.
What is precision teaching?
Jordan has been throwing the credit card at Kosai every time that he asks to use it. Kosai walks up to Jordan before asking, grabs her hand when she tries to throw it, and physically prompts her to hand it to him.
What is response-interrupt-redirect (RIRD)?
Sarah R goes to her aunties’ house every Saturday. Her auntie takes her to get ice cream every time she asks. She normally goes to Dairy Queen 2-3 times each Saturday. At home, her parents only take her once every 20ish times she asks.
What is a multiple schedule of reinforcement?
Andie is working on eating with a kiddo that does not use utensils. Right now, the kiddo shovels food into their mouth at a rate that is much too fast and unsafe. Andie begins allowing bites of food if and only if the learner waits a certain amount of time from the previous bite to try again.
What is differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior?
BONUS AVAILABLE
Haley is learning to fire a weapon, but she doesn’t know how to hold it. You reinforce her for gradually changing her grip, until she is holding the gun the right way. Then, you gradually reinforce her for better aim until she is only hitting bullseyes. (2)
What are shaping across a response topography and shaping within a response topography?
Myah is a teacher at Arizona State, but she is lazy. She sets up modules that the class can complete at their own pace. Her student aides grade the tests at the end of the modules and then let her know how every is doing. At the end of the class, she decides if people pass or not, based on their scores.
What is a Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)?
Kosai has been punching people in the face during math. When the professor tries to stop him, Kosai punches him in the face too, so the professor calls the high school security guards and they handcuff Kosai and take him to a room by himself. They leave him there? (two terms)
Joseph and Mikey take turns babysitting their little cousins. When the little cousins are at Mikey’s house, he doesn’t take them anywhere, even when they ask, because he doesn’t have a car. When they get to Joseph’s house, however, they immediately ask to go to the park because Joseph has a minivan. They ask more when they get to Josephs’ on Thursday, as they are at Mikey’s on MTW.
Alaina is a BCBA that is working with a kiddo that engages in frequent, severe aggression. She needs to pick a differential reinforcement strategy for the kiddo, but the function of the aggression is not determined at this time, and he does not have a lot of preferred activities.
What is differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)?
Why?