Vocabulary
Bundles of axons and their sheaths that extend out from the CNS.
What is nerves?
The ability to undergo an action potential in response to a stimulus.
How many axons does a multipolar neuron have?
What is only one axon. All neurons have only one axon.
A signal travels down an axon and then encounters an excitatory synapse. Compare the frequency of action potentials in the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.
What is the frequency of action potentials on the postsynaptic neuron will be LOWER than the frequency of the action potentials on the presynaptic neuron.
An excitatory synapse requires several signals from the presynaptic axon in order to generate an action potential on the postsynaptic neuron. Thus, there will be fewer action potentials on the other side of the synapse.
At a synapse, the release of neurotransmitters results in an opening of K+ channels at the postsynaptic membrane. Is this an inhibitory synapse or an excitatory synapse?
What is an excitatory synapse.
What is ganglia?
A neuron withing the CNS that conducts action potentials from one neuron to another neuron within the CNS.
What is association neuron?
What is the purpose of a non-ciliated ependymal cell?
What is it secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
You are listening to the radio. Suddenly your little brother turns the radio up really loud, so that the noise actually hurst your ears. Compare the maximum potential difference of each individual action potential before and after your little brother turned the volume up.
There is no difference between the maximum potential differences of each individual action potential.
Action potentials work on the all or nothing principle. So each individual action potential looks the same, regardless of the stimulus involved.
A signal originates in one receptor and ends up stimulating action potentials in many difference places in the CNS and PNS. What kind of neuron arrangment did it pass through.
What is a divergent circuit, since one signal produced many signals.
Nerves of the PNS that originate from the spinal cord.
What is spinal nerves
Division of neurons of the ANS that prepare the body for increased energy expenditure.
What is sympathetic division.
Which nervous system controls smooth muscles?
What is the autonomic nervous system.
An action potential travels along an axon by skipping from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier. What is this kind of conduction called? Is this faster or slower than an action potential running down an axon by continuous conduction?
What is saltatory conduction, and it is faster than continuous conduction.
PNS neurons that transmit action potentials from the CNS to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.
What is Autonomic Nervous System.
Nerves of the PNS that originate from the brain.
What is cranial nerves.
Neurons that transmit action potentials from the CNS to the effector organs?
What is efferent neurons.
What 3 things must happen in order for a severed axon to regenerate?
What is
1. Cell body of the neuron must be alive.
2. The axon must be covered with Schwann cells.
3. The axon must be reasonably well aligned with its severed end.
A stimulus on a neuron does not result in an action potential. What are the two reasons this might happen?
What is the stimulus might be subthreshold, or the axon might be in its absolute refractory period.
Division of neurons of the ANS that stimulate resting and nutrition related functions such as digestion, defecation, and urination.
What is Parasympathetic division.
Neurons that transmit action potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS
What is afferent neurons.
PNS neurons that transmit action potentials from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.
What is Somatic motor nervous system.
During depolarization in an axon, what is happening to Na+?
What is Na+ are diffusing into the cell. This makes the potential difference more positive. No major changes are happening to K+. Some K+ are leaking out of the cell because the membrane is naturally permeable to K+, but that is all.
The K+ outside an axon is high, and the concentration of Na+ inside is high. Is the potential difference between the inside and outside of the axon negative or positive?
What is the potential difference is negative. If the K+ concentration is high outside the axon and the Na+ concentration inside the cell is high, then repolarization has occurred. Some K+ are leaking out of the cell because the membrane is naturally permeable to K+, but that's all.
A nerve cell is similar to a?
What is muscle cell?