Organelle Orientation
This hair-like organelle is used to move fluid across the surface of the cell membrane
Cilia
Any cellular transport mechanism that expends energy (ATP) to pump molecules against their concentration gradient
Active Transport
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes
Homeostasis
Substances known to promote or cause cancer, such as UV radiation or tobacco smoke
Carcinogens
Your body prefers to break down this macromolecule first for quick, short-term energy
Carbohydrates
Unlike eukaryotic cells, primitive prokaryotic cells lack this membrane-bound structure that stores genetic material
Nucleus
Small, nonpolar gases like O2 and CO2 move across the phospholipid bilayer easily via this type of passive transport
Simple Diffusion
In this type of solution, water moves into the cell, causing it to swell or lyse
Hypotonic
During this phase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart from one another toward opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase
In an experiment testing fertilizer on tomato plant growth, the type of fertilizer used represents this variable
Independent Variable
These sac-like organelles store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates inside the cell
Vacuoles
The bulk active transport process where a cell uses energy to engulf outside material, such as a white blood cell capturing bacteria
Endocytosis (Phagocytosis - for extra points)
A cell placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solute than its cytoplasm will undergo this structural change
Shrinking or Shriveling
Programmed cell death, such as the loss of webbed tissue between an embryo's fingers during development
Apoptosis
The body stores long-term energy as this macromolecule because it contains the highest amount of energy per gram
Lipids
These organelles are present in animal cells but missing in plant cells, and they play a critical role in organizing cell division
Centrioles
Moving glucose down its concentration gradient through a specialized transport protein channel is known as this
Facilitated Diffusion
When the solute concentration inside a cell and outside in the solution are at equilibrium, the environment is described as this
Isotonic
If a parent cell has 8 chromosomes before division, each daughter cell will have this many chromosomes after cytokinesis
8 Chromosomes
Arrange these levels of organization from simplest to most complex: organ, tissue, organism, cell, organ system
What is cell --> tissue --> organ --> organ system --> organism?
If a cell is completely lacking these enzyme-filled organelles, it will face severe consequences because it cannot break down cellular waste or old organelles
Lysosomes
The cell membrane is made of these molecules with polar heads and nonpolar tails, making the membrane selectively permeable
Phospholipids (Or phospholipid bilayer)
Thermoregulation and blood sugar control rely on this type of homeostatic loop that counteracts changes to return to a set point
Negative Feedback Loop
Unlike benign tumors, these cancerous tumors can break away and spread to form new tumors throughout the body
Malignant
This is the one macromolecule essential to life that your body will never break down for energy
Nucleic Acids