Organelles
The organelle that is topologically equivalent to the cytosol
What is the nucleus?
The cell cycle phase right after DNA replication
What is G2 phase?
Pathway by which extracellular contents and the plasma membrane are internalized
What is the endocytic pathway? (endocytosis)
Gunter Blobel won the 1999 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering this feature of proteins that direct proteins to specific organelles or places in the cell
What is a signal sequence?
This is a messy way for the cell to die
What is necrosis?
The organelle that removes excess hydrogen peroxide from the cell
What is the peroxisome?
The cell cycle phase that includes the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)
What is M phase? (mitosis)
The pathway by which a protein could move from the Golgi to the ER
What is the retrieval pathway?
George Palade won the 1974 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering this cellular "organelle" that synthesizes proteins
What is the ribosome?
During apoptosis, this lipid appears on the outside of the cell and acts as an "eat me" signal
What is phosphatidylserine? (PS or PtdSer)
The site for transmembrane protein production
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The cell cycle phase that has the START checkpoint
What is G1?
The organelle where proteins and other material can be transported and degraded inside the cell
What is the lysosome?
Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the enzyme that elongates this chromosome structure that is retained in cancer cells
What is the telomere?
What are caspases?
The organelle that releases cytochrome c if a cell receives an apoptotic stimulus
What is the mitochondria?
The phase in mitosis when chromosomes condense
What is prophase?
This protein is regulated by GTP hydrolysis and helps vesicles bud by constricting the membrane
What is dynamin?
Edmond Fischer and Edwin Krebs shared the 1992 Nobel Prize for discovering this protein modification that is added by a kinase and regulates many signaling and cell cycle pathways
What is phosphorylation?
This family of proteins function in MOMP and has members that are pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic
What are Bcl2 proteins?
The organelle that adds sugars after a protein leaves the ER
What is the Golgi (apparatus)?
The protein that cleaves cohesins, allowing separation of chromosomes at the end of mitosis
What is separase?
KDEL
What is the ER retention signal sequence?
Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1986 for their discovery of the "growth factors" Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), which bind to this class of cell signaling receptors
What are receptor tyrosine kinases? (RTKs or enzyme coupled receptors)
This large complex forms in the cell upon activation by death receptors
What is the DISC? (death inducing signaling complex)