Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
The ICOUGH program
What is Incentive spirometry, coughing, oral care, understanding, getting out of bed, head of bed elevation
Backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole
Flow of blood back into the left ventricle from the aorta during diastole
What is mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation
So this is where we see spike
What is a pacemaker spike before the QRS
So if I have a pacer placed, I have to be sure not wear these and do what everyday
What is not wearing muscle shirts, taking the pulse at the same time everyday, no heavy lifting after surgery, and no MRIS
0.12-0.20
What is the normal PRI
4 types of pneumonia and their criteria
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): Pneumonia occurring in the community or ≤48 hours after hospital admission or institutionalization, Health care–associated pneumonia
](HCAP): Pneumonia occurring in a non-hospitalized patient with extensive health care contact,
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): Pneumonia occurring ≥48 hours after hospital admission that did not appear to be incubating at the time of admission
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): A type of HAP that develops ≥48 hours after endotracheal tube intubation
Clicks may be heard upon auscultation with this disease that can cause leaflets to fall back into the atrium during systole
What is mitral valve prolapse
The disconnection between the arm and the heart (apical and radial pulses)
What is pulse deficit and must listen for one full minute
Looking at my mouth if you're worried about me breathing
What is looking at the mucous membranes because that's where central cyanosis appears first. Pay extra attention to African Americans
S/S: Pink-frothy sputum, restlessness, anxiety, breathlessness, tachypnea, JVD, tachycardia, stuporous
What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema
The steps to incentive spirometry
Assume a semi-Fowler position or an upright position and use diaphragmatic breathing. Place the spirometer's mouthpiece firmly in the mouth, inspire slowly through the mouth, and hold the breath for about 3 seconds to maintain the ball/indicator between the lines. Exhale slowly through the mouthpiece.
Common cause: Mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis
What are the three disorders that rhematic endocarditis can cause
If you think I did something to my heart, why are you checking my lungs
What is infective endocarditis
Eating better if you're an SOB
What is having COPD patients using a bronchodilator before eating
A minimum of 6 air exchanges per hour and to be exhausted directly outside
What is the negative pressure room used for pulmonary TB
Complications: Shock, respiratory failure, pleural effusion (accumulation of pleural fluid in the pleural space-space between the parietal and visceral pleurae of the lung, TX with thoracentesis)
What are the complications of severe pneumonia
An inflammatory process cause dilation and mural thrombi along with degeneration of the muscle fibers. Patients are at very high risk of digoxin toxicity
What is myocarditis
If this order is followed, the patient will be sleeping with the fishes
What is avoiding administering more than 50 mL of fluids per hour after a patient has an MI
This one-sided event will make you very popular in a hospital
What is a mediastinal shift and is when the heart, the great vessels, and the trachea shifts/ deviates towards the unaffected side during a tension pneumothorax
This antiarrhythmic agent is used for the treatment in a-flutter and blocks conduction through the AV node
What is adenosine
Causes: Corticosteroid use other immunosuppressive agents, chemotherapy, nutritional depletion, the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), genetic immune disorders, and long-term advanced life support technology
What are the causes of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host
S/s: Asymptomatic for years, hf s/s, cough with exertion, orthopnea, fluid retention, chest pain, palpitations, syncope with exertion
What are the signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy
FFS, tell me what irregularly regular and irregularly irregular are again?
Irregularly irregular is the rhythm and rate are irregular (QRS don't march out)
Irregularly regular is the rate is regular, but the rhythm is wonky (QRS do march out)
So all of this comes with TB also?
What are insidious signs of TB. Low grade fever, cough, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss. Cough may be unproductive or produce mucopurulent sputum. Hemoptysis may occur.
This occurs when fluid increases reducing venous return and decreases CO, leading to obstructive shock
What is cardiac tamponade