New Opinion Framework
This conclusion is used when a known item cannot be excluded, but there is not enough agreement for an Identification.
What is Association?
Before comparing a known shoe to a crime scene impression, the examiner must first complete this step.
What is analysis of the scene impression?
These characteristics include elements, molding, and texture.
What are class characteristics?
Tire and footwear evidence is often missed because scenes are not properly __
What is protected?
This process provides additional perspective on complex findings.
What is a consultation?
The three decision categories in the new RCMP footwear and tire model
What are Exclusion, Association, and Identification?
This form is used to document analysis, comparison, evaluation, and verification
What is the ACE-V form?
These are unique accidental features such as nicks, cuts, and gouges.
What are Randomly Acquired Characteristics (RACs)?
Footwear evidence can reveal direction of travel, points of entry and exit, and this.
What is the number of people involved?
True or False: Consulting another examiner weakens your opinion.
What is False?
This previous opinion category is no longer used under the new model.
What is Inconclusive?
The first decision an examiner makes under the new model
What is determining suitability for comparison?
In digital tracing, these are represented by the colour red.
What are RACs?
When suitable tire impressions are found in mud, this technique may be used to preserve them.
What is casting?
Expert witnesses must remain impartial, independent, and this.
What is unbiased?
This conclusion means the known item was determined to be the source of the impression.
What is Identification?
This is performed before comparison to support analysis.
What is digital tracing?
In digital tracing, these are represented by the colour green.
What are class characteristics?
Two types of images required for a footwear search submission to Fingerprint Services.
What are midrange and close-up images?
When asked a question outside their area of analysis, an expert should do this.
What is state it is outside the scope of the expertise?
Under the new model, the strength of an Association is communicated through this.
What is articulation?
True or False : Full tracing of every impression is always required.
What is False?
In digital tracing, these are represented by the colour blue.
What is wear?
Images must be calibrated to this ratio so accurate digital comparisons can be made.
What is 1:1 scale?
One requirement before expert opinion evidence can be admitted in court.
What is the witness must be properly qualified as an expert?