Cognitive Development
In Vygotsky's theory, this term refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable person but cannot yet perform independently.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
The primary psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage of "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" occurs during which age range?
What is Toddlerhood (1-3years)?
This phenomenon occurs when individuals in a group tend to conform to the group's norms and decisions, even if they go against their personal beliefs. What is it?
What is Groupthink?
This process occurs when individuals from one cultural group come into contact with and adopt elements of another culture. What is it?
What is Acculturation?
This term describes an individual's ability to bounce back and adapt positively to challenging life experiences.
What is Resilience?
According to Piaget, during this stage of cognitive development, children begin to use language and represent objects with words and images.
What is the Preoperational Stage?
The facial expression that universally represents happiness, characterized by the corners of the mouth turning upward and the eyes crinkling, is known as what?
What is a Smile?
According to Erikson's theory, the primary psychosocial conflict in the stage of "Generativity vs. Stagnation" occurs during which life stage?
What is Middle Adulthood (40-65 years)?
This term describes the ability to effectively interact with people from diverse cultures, understanding and respecting their beliefs and values. What is it?
What is Cultural Competence?
In motor development, this term refers to the ability to control the movement of the large muscles of the body, such as crawling or walking.
What is Gross Motor Skills?
According to Kohlberg, individuals in the preconventional level of moral development are primarily motivated by this.
What is Self-interest and Avoidance of Punishment?
This aspect of emotional competence involves recognizing and understanding the emotions of others, as well as responding appropriately. What is it?
What is Social Awareness?
Beyond the family, this socialization agent, often associated with formal education, plays a significant role in shaping individuals' social behaviors and values. What is it?
What is the School or Education System?
In cultures characterized by this parenting style, parents tend to be demanding and controlling, with an emphasis on obedience and respect for authority. What is it?
What is Authoritarian Parenting?
This contemporary approach to human development emphasizes the dynamic interplay of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional factors across the lifespan.
What is the Bioecological Model (Bronfenbrenner)?
This executive function involves the ability to inhibit one's own responses and behaviors and is crucial for self-control.
What is Inhibition?
This theory proposes that adults seek emotional bonds with others to meet their attachment needs, similar to the way infants do. What is it?
What is Attachment Theory in Adulthood?
Erikson's psychosocial stage of "Identity vs. Role Confusion" occurs during which period of life?
What is Adolescence (12-18 years)?
This term refers to the sense of belonging and connection to a particular cultural group, including the customs, traditions, and values associated with that group. What is it?
What is Cultural Identity?
This part of the brain, known as the "emotional center," plays a crucial role in emotional processing and decision-making. What is it?
What is the Amygdala?
This term refers to the ability to attribute mental states, such as beliefs and intentions, to oneself and others.
What is Theory of Mind?
Psychologist Daniel Goleman popularized the concept of emotional intelligence, which includes these four key components. What are they?
What are Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Social Awareness, and Relationship Management?
This concept, developed by Henri Tajfel, refers to the tendency of individuals to favor their own social group and discriminate against others. What is it?
What is In-group Favoritism or Social Identity Theory?
In many cultures, these roles prescribe the behaviors and expectations associated with being male or female. What are they?
What are Gender Roles?
This term describes the ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development.
What is Lifelong Learning?