Science and Policy
Paris targets use this period as the baseline reference.
What are pre-industrial levels (1850–1900)?
This European policy complements the Paris Agreement with legally binding targets.
What is the European Green Deal?
Adaptation focuses on preparing for these.
What are climate impacts?
Article 6 creates frameworks for this type of trading.
What is carbon trading?
The Paris Agreement is guided by this principle recognizing differences among countries.
What is common but differentiated responsibilities?
The next global stocktake will occur at this COP in 2028.
What is COP33?
The 2018 IPCC special report warned about differences between 1.5°C and 2°C.
What is SR1.5?
This African country hosted COP27 in 2022.
What is Egypt?
An adaptation measure for coastal cities facing sea-level rise.
What are sea walls (or flood defenses)?
This allows countries to transfer mitigation outcomes.
What are ITMOs (Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes)?
Fairness for vulnerable groups affected by climate action is called this.
What is climate justice?
The International Energy Agency says achieving 1.5°C requires no new investment in these.
What are fossil fuel projects?
The Paris Agreement covers these gases, not just CO₂
What are greenhouse gases?
This bloc negotiates jointly as a group at climate talks.
What is the European Union?
The Paris Agreement created this global goal to strengthen resilience.
What is the Global Goal on Adaptation?
This replaced the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism.
What is the Sustainable Development Mechanism?
Paris emphasizes the need for a “just” version of this shift away from fossil fuels.
What is a transition?
The most ambitious long-term temperature goal under Paris.
What is 1.5°C?
The total amount of CO₂ humans can emit while staying below a temperature threshold.
What is the carbon budget?
Brazil, South Africa, India, and China are known by this acronym.
What is BASIC?
This annual UN report tracks adaptation gaps worldwide.
What is the UNEP Adaptation Gap Report?
Countries must avoid this risk of counting emission reductions twice.
What is double counting?
Two categories of especially vulnerable nations emphasized under Paris.
What are LDCs (least developed countries) and SIDS (small island developing states)?
Paris links climate action with this global UN agenda.
What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
Balancing emissions with removals is known as this.
What is net-zero (carbon neutrality)?
The 2015 Paris Agreement was adopted at this venue.
What is COP21 at Le Bourget, Paris?
The “Sharm el-Sheikh Adaptation Agenda” was launched at this COP.
What is COP27?
Article 6.8 deals with these cooperative approaches outside markets.
What are non-market approaches?
COP27 created this new funding arrangement for climate damages.
What is the Loss and Damage Fund?
Aligning finance flows with climate goals is emphasized in this article.
What is Article 2.1(c)?