Muscular system
List the three types of muscle?
- Voluntary
- Involuntary
- Cardiac
List and explain the two skeletal muscle arrangements?
Fusiform - low force, high flexibility i.e. brachii
Penniform - High force, low flexibility i.e. deltoids
What is ATP, where is it stored and what does it stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. It is stored in the muscle.
What is an aerobic metabolism?
This is where ATP is generated in the presence of oxygen.
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the aerobic system?
Advantage: Supplies an endless amount of ATP.
Disadvantage: It takes a while to work.
Describe a voluntary muscle, what it is also known as and provide an example of the muscle?
It moves when you want it to. It is also known as skeletal muscle. Example, biceps or triceps.
List the two types of muscle contraction?
- Eccentric
- Concentric
What is ATP made of?
An adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups.
What is the problem with ATP?
There is only a little amount stored in the muscle and when that runs out we must resynthesize ATP.
Complete the Energy Systems diagram on a piece of paper.
1. ATP-PC - lats up to 10s - creatine phosphate - shot put
2. Anerobic glycoses - 10-75seconds - glucose - 400m sprint
3. Aerobic system - 75 seconds onwards - 1. Glucose, 2. free fatty acids, 3. amino acids - marathon
Describe an involuntary muscle, list another name for it and provide an example of the muscle?
It works on its own. Also known as the smooth muscle. Example, kidney or stomach.
Point to where these muscles go?
Deltoids, pectorals, biceps, abdominals, quadriceps, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, gluteals, hamstrings, gastrocnemius
List the three food sources that resynthesize ATP?
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fat
3. Protein
List the three energy systems?
1. ATP-PC
2. Anerobic glycoses
3. Aerobic
Draw the ATP cycle in your book.
A - P - P - P --------------- A - P - P - E - P
----- P - E - P - P - A --------- P - P - A --------
Describe a cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle is a special involuntary muscle which forms the walls of your heart.
List one exercise for each of these muscles?
Deltoids, Pectorals, Biceps, Triceps, Latissimus dorsi, gluteal, hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, abdominals, trapezius.
Deltoids: handstand
Pectorals: Bench press
Biceps: bicep curl
Triceps: tricep dips
Latissimus dorsi: lat pull-down
Gluteal: glute bridge
hamstrings: leg curl
quadriceps: squat
gastrocnemius: calf raise
abdominals: crunch
trapezius: shoulder shrug
What two ways can the human body regenerate ATP?
1. Anerobic metabolism
2. Aerobic metabolism
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the ATP-PC system?
Advantage: Creatine phosphate is in the muscle already so it can be used quick.
Disadvantage: It only lasts 10 seconds.
Draw a sarcomere.
Check with the answer booklet to see if you got it correct.
Describe the movement of a voluntary muscle?
Skeletal muscles move the body by pulling on tendons which are attached to bones.
List each category of the flow chart for a sarcomere?
1. The brain sends a message to the muscle via a motor neutron
2. The motor neuron does not touch the muscle, there is a gap called the synapse
3. A chemical called acetylcholine is released into the synapse
4. Acetylcholine causes the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
5. The release of calcium turns the sarcomere on and allows myosin to pull on actin creating movement.
What is a anerobic metabolism?
This is where ATP is generated in presence of no oxygen.
What is an advantage and disadvantage of Anerobic glycoses system?
Advantage: Generates almost twice ATP than the ATP-PC system.
Disadvantage: Breaking down glucose without the presence of oxygen forms lactic acid which reduces the intensity of exercise greatly.