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100
Dipthong
Vowel blends, first sound guides into 2nd sound.
Ex.ou in mouse
Ex. oi as in boil
100
Letter combinations
Sounds are represented by groups of several letters.
Ex. wh as in where, which is often taught to be pronounced just as /w/ (i.e. that “where” and “were”, “which” and “witch” sound the same
100
Prefixes
a word, letter, or number placed before another: an affix attached to the beginning of a word, base, or phrase and serving to produce a derivative word or an inflectional form Ex: be, pre, dis, re, mis, ex, in, non
100
Retells
tell (a story) again or differently: repeat it
100
Root
...... is the most basic form of a word that cannot be further divided into meaningful segments.
Root words are used to form new words by adding letters at the beginning (i.e., a prefix) and/or the end (i.e., a suffix).
For example, the word “unfaithful” is made up of these different parts:
prefix root word suffix
200
Affixes
Morphemes attached before or after a base or root word to modify its meaning
Ex. unkind, wanted, unhappy, enjoyable
200
Morphemes
the smallest grammatical unit of speech
Ex: talk - s
jump-ed
un kind ly
200
Contradiction
a combination of statements, ideas, or features of a situation that are opposed to one another:
Ex. A snowy, summer day
Icy hot
200
Base word
.....smallest part of a word that has meaning and can be used on its own. Base words can be expanded by adding affixes (i.e., prefixes and suffixes) to the beginning and/or end of the word, but they are also complete words that can stand alone.
Ex: argue: arguable
brace: bracing
creep: y
do: redo
200
Suffixes
.....Suffixes are letters added to the end of a base word to change its conjugation, word type, or other grammar properties like plural.
For example, take the noun strength: You can add the suffix –s to make it plural (strengths) or the suffix –en to change it into a verb (strengthen). You can then add the suffix –ed to make that verb past tense (strengthened).
300
Inflectional
Suffixes added to the end of the word
Ex: ed, es, ing, as and s
300
R controlled syllables
the vowel is neither long nor short; it is controlled by the letter R and the /r/ sound.
Ex: bird, card, large, cart
300
Pre-skill
knowledge, ability children develop before they can read text.
Ex. Print awareness, capitalization, spacing, direction of text, phonological awareness, etc
300
Vowel consonant
Words are built from letters which are either vowels or consonants.
Vowels are:
a, e, i, o, u
Consonants are the rest of the letters in the alphabet:
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y and z
The letter 'y' is a bit different, because sometimes it acts as a consonant and sometimes it acts as a vowel.
Knowing how vowels and consonants work together to make words and sounds will help you with your spelling.
300
Digraphs
is two letters combined to make a single sound in written or spoken English. The digraph can consist of consonants and vowels. These shouldn't be confused with a blend of two letters in spoken English, where each letter makes a distinct sound rather than combining to make one sound.
Examples of consonant digraphs include "ch", "ng", and "th". Examples of vowel digraphs include "ea", "oa", and "ue."