This type of research aims to examine a situation as it currently exists in the world.
What is descriptive research?
This type of research involves obtaining information by asking questions and tabulating or coding their anwwers.
What is survey research?
This type of research is applied when we are interested in pinning down cause-and-effect relationships.
What is experimental research?
True experimental designs are marked by this way of assigning participants to treatment or control group membership.
What is random assignment?
This type of research examines the extent to which differences in one variable are associated with differences in another variable.
What is correlational research?
In this type of sampling, the sample is chosen from the overall population by random selection.
What is probability sampling?
This type of variable is thought to cause an impact on another variable.
What is the independent variable?
In this type of experimental design, the researcher uses intact groups rather than assigning participants to control or treatment group membership.
What is quasi-experimental design?
This type of study collects data at one point in time.
What is a cross-sectional study?
In this kind of sampling, we select a group of people who are readily available and include them in our study.
What is convenience sampling?
This type of validity is the extent to which we have controlled for confounding variables in a study and can draw defensible conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships within our data.
What is internal validity?
In this type of design, a researcher identified people who won the lottery and then collected data to investigate a possible relationship between winning the lottery and subsequent characteristics.
What is ex post facto designs?
This type of variable helps explain why one variable is related to another variable.
What is a mediator?
This type of sampling is exemplified if we want to know more about the "typical" voter, and we sample people whom we've determined are "typical" of the larger population of voters.
What is purposive sampling?
This sub-group of participants receives the intervention, or treatment, in an experimental study.
What is the treatment or intervention group?
This threat to the internal validity notes that taking a test at one time might influence participants' performance on the test later in the study, when they take it again.
What is a testing threat?
This longitudinal type of study collects frequent and ongoing data about people as they live their normal, everyday lives.
What is experience-sampling study?
What is sampling bias?
In this type of experimental research, participants aren't the only ones who are uninformed about their group membership (treatment or control group). Individuals administering varying interventions are equally in the dark.
What is a double-blind experiment?
This threat to validity notes that, for people who score extremely high or low on a measure at one time, they are likely to score in a less extreme manner on the same measure at a later time.
What is statistical regression threat?