Intro Sci Method
What does DRY MIX mean? If you had to graph the growth (height) of your plants over time, how would you set up your graph? Draw on the board your title, axis titles, units, increments, and type of graph (bar/line/pie).
X axis: Time (days)
Y axis: Plant Height (mm)
Equal increments
Line graph (connected data) Bar graph (separate/comparison data) Pie (part of whole data)
Where is the most freshwater found on Earth?
glaciers/ice
Where is the largest source/sink of phosphorus?
Rocks
Describe similarities and differences between food chain and food web. Tell direction arrows go.
Food Webs have more complex arrows compared to food chains' single connection arrows.
Food chain is a direct line connection starting with producer to primary consumer to secondary consumer and to tertiary consumer.
Food web also starts with producers to primary then secondary then tertiary consumer. The major difference is more creatures are present for each trophic level. So, many primary consumers can eat many of the producers and many secondary consumers can either eat producers as well as primary consumers, etc.
Explain how to calculate the crude growth rate
birth rate minus the death rate
Tebo wanted to find out what plant gave off the most oxygen for his new fish. He put no plants, elodea, water lilies and green algae into three different ecocolumns and measures dissolved oxygen over 3 weeks.
Tell: Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, what controls and what uncontrolled variables
Explain why/how continents move?
Why continents move apart from each other?
Why continents crash together?
How new islands can form?
Plate tectonic theory explains crust of earth moves when deeper liquid magma moves by circular convection currents. when convection moves, the crust onto moves with it.
When convection currents move upward, crust/plates can diverge (move apart).
When convection moves downward, crust/plates converge (crash together).
Tell what increases/decreases the amount of oxygen in the air?
Tell what increases/decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?
Photosynthesis = More Oxygen in air/water = primary producers make oxygen from photosynthesis with sunlight
Photosynthesis = Less Carbon Dioxide in air/water= primary producers need CO2 to make sugars so they take CO2 from atmosphere
Respiration = Less Oxygen in air/water = plants, animals, most bacteria need oxygen to get energy from sugar
Respiration = More Carbon Dioxide = plants, animals, most bacteria make CO2 when they break down sugar to get energy
Ocean can also take carbon dioxide from the air (ocean acidification)
Describe the different between population and community
Population is a group of one species in a single location
Community is a group of different species in a single location
Describe and Draw a population pyramid with both a high fertility rate and a high mortality rate
Wide base (high fertility rate)
Narrow top (high mortality rate)
Zahra wanted to see what marimba mallet worked best for her new song. She used rubber, metal, wrapped cotton and just wood. For each mallet, she hit soft, hard and only used her dominant hand for each test. one of the tests, her Friend Anya started singing and it was difficult to hear the mallet sound by itself with the beautiful singing in the background.
Tell: 1: Independent Variable, 2: Dependent Variable,
3: Control (trial), 4: Constants (control variables) and
5: uncontrolled variable(s).
Describe three types of plate boundaries and tell evidence you would see for each
1) convergent = plates crash together.
either very tall mountains (continent to continent) or deep trench (ocean to ocean) or trench and mountain (ocean to continent)
2) divergent = plates separate away.
long fairly straight ridge where new hot magma comes up to form long mountain range with newer rocks at ridge and older rocks farther away from ridge
3) transverse = plates slide next to each other up/down (lots of earthquakes)
NB!! = Volcanoes and Earthquakes for all plate boundaries = Ring of Fire and Mid Atlantic Ocean Ridge
Compare evaporation to transpiration
Compare evaporation to condensation
evaporation is liquid water gaining enough energy to turn into gas steam
transpiration is liquid water in plants turning liquid water in plants to steam
condensation is gas steam loosing enough energy to turn into water
Social: be closer to family/friends, war, religious persecution
Environmental: famine, drought, disease, tsunami, nuclear fallout, earthquake, fire
Economic: gained or lost job, taxes, company incentives
Explain what is happening to have a uniformly flat and parallel population pyramid?
What stage(s) of demographic transition would a country have with a flat population pyramid?
Flat population pyramid occurs when death rate and birth rate are fairly uniform. Countries with fairly low birth rate and low death rate have equal age percentages and do not grow very much.
Late demographic transition #4 shows flat population pyramid with fairly equal births&migration and deaths&emigration = USA. #5 shows more deaths than births so dropping population total = Germany.
Explain what a direct relationship is between chocolate and happiness? what would the graph look like?
Explain what a inverse relationship is between drought and food from crops? what would the graph look like?
direct relationship is both variables increase together. The graph would be the bars or line starting low and increasing upwards diagonally to the right
inverse relationship is the variables are opposites where when one is high the other is low. The graph would be the bars or starting high and decreasing downwards to the right
Explain how Earth has uneven heating and how uneven heating makes wind.
Explain how ocean temperature influences air temperature.
Describe air wind currents on earth with and without corriolis effect.
Sun radiation hits Earth unevenly. Most direct radiation occurs at equator so Equator is hottest.
Hot air is less dense. less dense has less mass per volume so less gravitational pull (rises up away from earth). surrounding cold air moves towards hot air's original place. moving air = wind. Hot air goes away from earth, cools and sinks down making a large circular convection motion.
Water can hold onto heat energy. So, water can stay hotter longer compared to land as well as colder longer compared to land. Water's high specific heat can make the air above the water the same temperature.
Counter clockwise spinning of earth makes wind bend its straight motion in relation to the Earth. Northern Hemisphere is always to right (clockwise water/air motion). Southern Hemisphere is always to left (counter clockwise water/air motion).
How does sulfur get into a leopard's body
Sulfur only gets into our body from our food. Leopard gets it's sulfur from eatting its prey.
If a hawk population gets a disease and dies off, what happens to size of the wheat population who are originally eatten by mice who are eatten by hawks?
IF hawk population crashes, then mice have less predators and so lower death rate will decrease and mice population will increase. Mice will need more food with larger population and so more mice will eat most of their source of food =wheat population will decrease.
Describe strategies to minimize rate of population growth
more humane = lower birth rate by educating women, access to family planning/contraceptives
minimizing freedoms = lower immigration or increase emmigration
least humane = increase death rate through disease
Explain why science is not truth yet seeking truth in explaining how people without accurate data do not have a good debate argument
Hypothesis is only a guess what is true. Hypothesis can be supported or rejected ONLY with repeatable, reliable and valid evidence. The more physical/observable data, the more strong evidence of truth.
new data can prove old hypothesis wrong. So people who are open to new ideas and do not get too emotionally attached to certain answer can be able to understand and get closer to truth as new data becomes available with better technology, better experiments.
Tell the five layers of atmosphere and give defining characteristic for each
1) Troposphere: (tropo = earth) closest to Earth and most dense = has weather
2) Stratosphere: (strato = stratified) Second layer = OZONE here, airplanes
3) Mesophere: (meso = middle) Coldest = ice crystals
4) Ionosphere or Thermosphere: (ion = charged high energy atoms or Thermo = heat) Hottest = Norther/Southern Lights (aurora borealis), some satellites
5) Exosphere: (exo = outer) = first protective layer of hydrogen/helium, no oxygen, satellites
Describe how nitrogen gets into humans. Tell where the largest source (sink) for nitrogen is located.
Nitrogen gets into humans from our food. plants get nitrogen originally in the air because bacteria in the soil attract nitrogen gas called nitrogen fixation.
describe different types of energy. explain the type of energy in plants and the sun. compare photosynthesis and respiration.
Energy types: potential (gravity) kinetic (motion/radiation).
Sunlight uses light radiation from sun. Plants take radiation energy and makes sugars with original radiation.
Explain benefits (social, economic, environmental) to having a large human population.
Social - more population to inspire/create diverse culture
Economic - more workers for more productive society
Environmental - if living in more dense populations, larger population can be more efficient in using resources like heat/light/transportation compared to smaller, more spread out populatiion.