The Nervous System
Slowed heart rate, increased gastric secretions, bladder and bowel emptying, pupil constriction for improved near vision, and smooth bronchial muscle contraction are functions of what system?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Medications that bind to a receptor and "activate" its behavior are known as?
Agonists
This is an "action" drug. Consider epinephrine, which stimulates the heart and blood pressure
The required amount of time for a drug to be eliminated from the body by 50%
Drug half-life
Regulation of the cardiovascular system and body temperature and implementing the acute stress response known as "fight or flight" are the functions of what system?
Sympathetic Nervous System
Medications that bind to receptors but do not activate. It works by either inhibiting the receptor's natural response or counteracts an agonist that may be present.
Antagonist
Think of this as an "anti" action drug. Naloxone is an antagonist that blocks the effects of morphine.
A patient is given a medication that causes increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, bronchial dilation, relaxation of uterine smooth muscle, vasodilation, and an increase blood glucose levels, has received what type of medication?
Non-selective beta-agonist (examples are epinephrine and isoproterenol)
b1 receptors-heart and kidneys
b2 receptors- arterioles, heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, bronchi, uterus, liver,
The important feedback loop that helps regulate blood pressure
Baroreceptor Reflex
These bind irreversibly with the receptor. The effects of the binding go away only after the cell breaks down old receptors and replaces it with new ones that the drug is not attached to. This can take a long time which is why these are rarely used therapeutically.
Non-competitive (insurmountable) antagonist
This medication decreases intraocular pressure by activating the muscarinic receptors in the eye by 1)miosis (pupillary constriction) and 2) contraction of the ciliary muscles.
Pilocarpine
The ciliary muscle contraction facilitates the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
An agonist with moderate intrinsic activity produces a maximal effect that is lower than a full agonist.
Partial Agonist
A measure of drug safety is defined as the ratio of a drugs LD (average lethal dose) and ED (average effective dose)
Therapeutic Index