Pericardial Disease
PHTN/HTN
Heart Failure
Cardiomyopathies
Mish Mash
Pish Posh
100
This is how you distinguish between left pleural and pericardial effusion.
Anterior to the descending aorta in PLAX is pericardial, posterior to descending aorta in PLAX is pleural.
100
What test is gold standard for diagnosis of PTHN?
RHC
100
Which type of HF cases occurs more often?
Acute or chronic
Acute
100
What will MV M-mode look like with obstructive HCM patient?
during systole the MV closure will bow towards the septum and possibly touch
100
These are the three leaflets of the TV.
What is Septal, Anterior, Posterior
100
This is the most common location of atrial thrombus.
What is LAA?
200
What pathology results in a pericardial knock murmur?
Constrictive pericarditis
200
This is how you calculate RAP....
Include all 4 IVC scenarios and what pressure would be.
Collapses/normal size 3 mmHg
Collapses/dilated 8 mmHg
Plethoric/normal size 8 mmHg
Plethoric/dilated 15 mmHg
200
Scenarios/diseases where a patient may have HFPEF?
infiltrative disease, HCM, HTN, pericardial disease
200
This type of CM can create LV thrombi.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
200
What conditions can predispose a patient to endocarditis?
Older, prosthesis (valvular or device), valve disease, congenital malformations
200
This is the location of a type B dissection.
Anywhere not including the ascending aorta
300
Conditions in which exaggerated respiratory variations of the MV/TV E velocities may occur
What is tamponade/effusion, constriction, lung disease (COPD, emphysema)
300
This is the blood pressure at which hypertension begins.
What is 130/80 mmHg?
300
At what velocity is TR considered a positive criteria for diastolic dysfunction?
>2.8 m/s
300
This is the leading cause of sudden death in young athletes.
What is HOCM?
300
This is the appropriate time to perform the initial baseline exam after prosthetic valve.
What is 4-6 weeks post op
300
This is the most common cause of TR.
What is secondary TR from dilated RV/RA.(most likely from left-sided disease).
400
Pericardial effusion can often be seen in patients with...
viral infection, metastatic cancer, restrictive cardiomyopathy, SLE
400
What BP is considered HTN emergency?
>180/120
400
These are the parameters used in the second algorithm for diastolic function assessment.
What are LAVI, TR velocity, E/A ratio, E/e' ratio?
400
M-mode features of DCM
What is increased EPSS of MV, tapered systolic closure of the AV, B-bump of the MV
400
This causes attenuation artifact and this is how you fix it.
Contrast pushed too fast and makes apex ovesaturated and mid/base too dark. Need to slow injection
400
What is the most common cause of a dilated PA?
PHTN
500
E/e' ratio is used to estimate?
Left atrial pressure
500
Calculate the RVSP...
IVC is dilated, it collapses greater than 50%
TR velocity is 3.0 m/s
36 + 8 = 44 mmHg
500
What causes jugular vein distention?
Backup of blood into the SVC - can see it in tamponade, PHTN, TS, pericarditis
500
Match the cardiomyopathy with its echo features.
500
What effect does beta blocker have on the heart?
lowers heart rate, contractility, BP
500
Tell me about rheumatic TS
Results in RAE, most common cause of TS, features commissural fusion, almost never isolated