EUROPE BEFORE & DURING THE RENAISSANCE
The system of government in Europe around 1300 where a monarch granted nobles rights over divisions of land in exchange for loyalty.
What is feudalism?
The Italian poet and scholar who found and collected the letters of Cicero, inspiring Renaissance curiosity about the classical world.
Who is Francesco Petrarch?
The inventor who ran the first printing press in the 1440s using movable type.
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
The network of trade routes that connected Asia, Africa, and Europe for a thousand years before the Renaissance.
What is the Silk Road?
The term used to describe a populated area that governed itself independently of a larger country or monarch.
What is a city-state?
The war between France and England that lasted at least five generations and ended in 1453 with a French victory.
What is the Hundred Years' War?
The artist who finished his statue called the Pieta in St. Peter's Basilica and later carved his name on it to claim credit for his work
Who is Michelangelo?
The physician who published books on the fabric of the human body and pointed out errors in the work of Galen by performing dissections.
Who is Andreas Vesalius?
The Portuguese prince nicknamed "The Navigator" who created a center for experts to share knowledge about sailing.
Who is Prince Henry of Portugal?
The empire that conquered Constantinople in 1453, causing Eastern scholars to migrate to places like Italy.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
The disease that spread across Europe from 1340 to 1360, killing about one-third to one-half of the population.
What is the bubonic plague (or Black Death)?
The writer who created works like The Book of the City of Ladies and is known as the first professional female writer of the Renaissance.
Who is Christine de Pisan?
The doctor and alchemist whose nickname means "above and beyond the rest" and who began isolating chemical elements
Who is Paracelsus (Theophrastus von Hohenheim)?
The explorer who sailed around the southern edge of Africa and through the Indian Ocean to reach India between 1497 and 1499.
Who is Vasco de Gama?
Three of the four major physical regions of Europe during the Renaissance.
What is Northern Highlands, European Plains, Central Uplands, and/or Alpine Mountains?
The name given to the peasant rebels in France who revolted in 1358, derived from the quilted jackets they wore called "jacques."
What is the Jacquerie?
The scientist and astronomer who published a book suggesting the Earth and other planets revolved around the Sun.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
The process that uses curiosity and the ability to ask questions to discover things.
What is the scientific method?
The English explorer who sailed around the globe on his ship the Golden Hind and attacked Spanish ships carrying gold and silver.
Who is Francis Drake?
The extending of political and economic control over a territory and resources without much recognition of the people living in the area.
What is imperialism?
Two reasons the feudal system in Europe began to break down after the Black Death and peasant revolts.
What is peasants became more valuable due to labor shortages, and the trust between nobles and peasants was broken?
The priest who translated the Bible into German and printed copies using the Gutenberg press, starting the Protestant Reformation.
Who is Martin Luther?
The model of the solar system where the Sun is at the center and the Earth orbits around it.
What is the heliocentric model?
The increase, rise, or acceleration of tension and activity between countries competing for land, resources, and power.
What is escalation?
Two ways the European worldview changed from the feudal period (around 1300) to the Late Renaissance period (around 1650).
What is the rise of specialization and trade guilds, development of republic government ideas, growth of scientific thinking, increased exploration and colonialism, and/or development of citizenship ideas?