BIOLOGY
CHEMISTRY
PRE-DENTAL
CLINICAL
PRE- OPTOMETRY
100

This organelle is responsible for ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation.

What is the mitochondrion?

100

This is the dipolar form of an amino acid at physiological pH, containing both a positive and negative charge.

What is a zwitterion?

100

This tooth type is primarily used for cutting food.

What are incisors?

100

This legal and ethical principle protects patient information.

What is HIPAA?

100

This part of the eye controls the amount of light entering by adjusting pupil size.

What is the iris?

200

This phase of the cell cycle includes DNA replication.

What is S phase?

200

This type of bond stabilizes secondary protein structure.

What are hydrogen bonds?

200

Most adults have this many permanent teeth (without wisdom teeth).

What is 28?

200

This medical professional can administer injections and assist in procedures under physician supervision.

What is a Medical Assistant?

200

This retinal structure is responsible for high-acuity and color vision.

What is the fovea?

300

The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template.

What is transcription?

300

The reaction type that joins two amino acids together.

What is a condensation/dehydration reaction?

300

This dental specialty focuses on diseases of the pulp and tissues surrounding the root of a tooth

What is endodontics?

300

This section of a clinical note records the patient’s chief complaint and story of symptoms in their own words. Name it.

What is the HPI (History of Present Illness)?

300

This common vision condition causes distant objects to appear blurry while near objects remain clear.

What is myopia (nearsightedness)?

400

This enzyme prevents excessive shortening of chromosomes during replication in stem and cancer cells.

What is telomerase?

400

This equation describes the relationship between pH, pKa, and ionization state.

What is the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation?

400

This condition is characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth due to plaque buildup.

What is periodontitis?

400

Meloxicam is commonly prescribed for conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. State its primary therapeutic effect.

What is reduces inflammation and pain?

400

Damage to this part of the eye leads to loss of peripheral vision and is a hallmark of glaucoma.

What is the optic nerve?

500

This molecule directly activates oxygen binding in hemoglobin at the tissue level.

What is 2,3-BPG?

500

A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases enzyme activity by affecting this kinetic parameter without changing substrate binding affinity.

What is Vmax?

500

This nerve is responsible for sensation to the face and teeth.

What is the trigeminal nerve?

500

This type of stroke is caused by rupture of a cerebral aneurysm and typically presents with a sudden, severe “thunderclap” headache.

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

500

This instrument is used to objectively estimate a patient’s refractive error by observing the reflection of light from the retina.

What is a retinoscope?