Hmm do I really want this pet?
(breed predispositions)
(breed predispositions)
Get down to the root
What IS that?
Most likely DDx
But WHY?
100
Boxers
All the reasons.
CANCER - MCT, HSA, LSA, Melanoma
DCM
Boxer Cardiomyopathy
Hip Dysplasia
GDV/Bloat
100
-itis
inflammation or infection
i.e. dermatitis, pancreatitis, colitis, gastroenteritis, cystitis, etc.
100
A German shepherd presents lame in the hind end. Normal rads are on the left and patient's rads are on the right. 
Canine hip dysplasia
100
Any dog, male or female, that cannot urinate and has a large, painful, distended bladder
Urethral obstruction due to a stone
Can you name another potential cause?
100
An owner wants to decline an ear cytology and just treat the ear infection. You need to explain to them that this is an important diagnostic step. Why?
Ear cytology lets us know what type of bacteria/yeast is causing the ear infection, and therefore can decide which medication is the best treatment option.
In GP this is important because you can also see a trend in chronic ear infection patients, or see if an infection has changed from a prior one.
200
Golden Retrievers
CANCER - HSA, LSA
Hip and elbow dysplasia
Hypothyroidism
Skin and ear problems
Bloat/GDV
200
-otomy
"cutting into a body part"
i.e. gastrotomy, enterotomy, cystotomy, laparotomy, etc.
200
GDV
What breeds are predisposed? What are the classic symptoms?
200
A dog presents for "looking startled" and suddenly being able to see the whites of their eyes all the time. P otherwise acting normal.
Extraocular polymyositis
Bonus: how do you treat?
200
The VOD wants to prescribe an oral steroid to a cat. A label is mistakenly printed for Prednisone instead of Prednisolone. WHY is this a mistake?
Cats cannot metabolize prednisone into the active form (prednisolone) as well as other animals, so the active form is prescribed instead.
The liver converts prednisone into prednisolone, which is why in some cases of a patient with liver disease that needs a steroid, prednisolone will be prescribed to a dog.
BONUS: what other animal (besides cats) cannot easily convert prednisone into prednisolone?
300
CKCS
Cardiac Disease / Mitral valve degeneration
Retinal problems
Cataracts
Patella luxation
Syringomyelia - say this 10x fast
300
-ectomy
"act of cutting out" or to remove something
i.e. splenectomy, nephrectomy, liver or lung lobectomy, etc.
300
A dog presents lame on front limb with firm swelling and very painful on palpation
Osteosarcoma
What breeds are predisposed?
What saying goes along with where this cancer is often located?
300
A middle aged MN Pitbull presents with a red lump on their left thorax that is growing. An FNA is obtained and it looks like this:
Mast Cell Tumor (MCT)
What can happen after you FNA this? How can you prevent it? What is the biggest complication with removal of a large MCT?
300
Why do we treat a heartworm positive dog with Doxycycline?
Many heartworms harbor a bateria (Wolbachia) and have a symbiotic relationship with the bacteria. The bacteria requires the HW for survival, and the HW requires the bacteria to survive. The bacteria is treated with doxycyline, therefore making the heartworms more susceptible to death via heartworm treatment with melarsomine (immiticide).
400
What cat breeds are prone to HCM?
Sphynx cats, Ragdolls, Bengals, Maine Coons
BONUS: Why wouldn't you want a Persian cat?
400
blepharo-
referring to the eyelid
i.e. blepharospasm, blepharitis
400
A cat presents with respiratory distress. Owner approves ER stabilization and you are only able to take a lateral rad and it looks like this:
Pleural effusion
What are the most common causes?
What is the treatment?
400
This 16y FS DSH presents for weight loss, increased appetite, intermittent vomiting and is increasingly vocal, especially at night. What is your primary DDx?
Hyperthyroidism
Possible CKD
You do BW and p's T4 is very elevated (has hyperthyroidism). Kidney values are normal. The vet starts p on methimazole and wants to recheck the T4 in 4 weeks. The vet also wants to recheck BUN/Creat in 4 weeks - why is this important?
400
A blocked cat comes in, is nearly comatose and can be unblocked without sedation. This p's potassium is 9.2. This is a huge concern for this cat. BUT WHY?
Potassium is one of your major electrolytes that helps with nerve function and muscle contraction, including helping your heart beat stay regular. Hyperkalemia leads to widespread muscle weakness, depression, and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias that lead to cardiac arrest/death.
How do we treat this hyperkalemia?
500
What breed is predisposed to uric acid crystals and stones?
Dalmations, English Bulldogs, Black Russian Terriers
What is special about urate stones compared to struvite or calcium oxalate?
500
chol/e
referring to the gall bladder
i.e. Cholecytitis, cholecystolithiasis, cholecystectomy
500
A dog presents with labored breathing, weakness, collapse and the VOD hears muffled heart sounds and no obvious murmur. Chest radiographs show this:
Pericardial effusion - can lead to cardiac tamponade (a crisis). What do we immediately do?
500
12y MN Bichon laterally recumbent and minimally responsive. Has been PU/PD and losing weight for a month. Started vomiting and stopped eating a few days ago. BG >700. No ketones present and EPOC shows pH is normal.
HHS - what is this? How is it different from DKA?
500
The VOD wants to FNA an ulcerated skin mass on a 6y FS Pitbull but wants to give a Diphenhydramine injection 15 minutes prior. WHY?
If you are concerned about a mast cell tumor and want to perform either FNA, biopsy or removal, it is strongly recommended to pre-medicate with an antihistamine (or two) prior because doing anything to irritate a MCT can cause massive degranulation of the mast cells leading to a significant histamine release, which can mimic and cause anaphylaxis, which in some cases can be fatal.
What other anti-histamine injection do we commonly give with Benadryl? If p developed signs of anaphylaxis, what else could we give?
600
English Bulldogs / French Bulldogs
Very cute, but prone to breathing problems / brachycephalic syndrome, elongated palate, stenotic nares, heat stroke secondary to brachycephalic syndrome; skin disease; ear infections; cherry eye; etc.
Don't tell Babs!
600
pyelo-nephr-itis
Pyelo - renal pelvis
Nephr - renal/kidney
-itis - inflammation/infection
600
You see this on an x-ray of a cat
Bates Body!
Incidental and benign finding - this is the appearance of nodular fat necrosis in the abdomen and is not a concern
600
A middle-aged SF poodle with a chronic history of weight loss, intermittent V/D that resolves with treatment then returns, and now is presenting laterally recumbent with bradycardia. BW shows an imbalance in sodium and potassium.
Addison's Disease, more specifically an Addisonian Crisis
What is the classic electrolyte imbalance?
600
A 10y MN Shih Tzu comes in for vomiting/diarrhea, lethargy and not wanting to eat. BW shows mild anemia. Radiographs show a metallic object in the stomach. The VOD is concerned that p swallowed a penny. WHY is this a concern?
Zinc toxicity!
Zinc causes irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Zinc poisoning may cause anemia by damaging the red blood cells and causing lysis. It can also decrease the production of new red blood cells. Severe cases have damage to the liver, kidneys, heart, or pancreas causing PU/PD, weight loss, abdominal pain, or organ enlargement. In rare cases, neurologic signs such as incoordination and seizures can occur.