Blood Vessels and Lymphatics
which lymphatic duct is paired, in the neck and lies within the carotid sheath?
tracheal duct/trunk
stays relatively constant
which type of pulmonary edema typically has higher concentrations of proteins and can occur with lots of different disorders?
low-pressure pulmonary edema (noncardiogenic)
what is the most common clinical sign of congestive heart failure?
persistent coughing
what is the desired effect of a positive lusitropic drug?
increase the rate of myocardial relaxation
What factor promotes angiogenesis, which is the development of new blood vessels for long term control of blood flow?
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF
Oscillometric cuff and doppler are methods of...
Indirect registration of blood pressure
what can cause a high pressure pulmonary edema?
left sided congestive heart failure
a dog presents because of severe heart failure. Physical exam reveals ascites but no lung edema. The systemic blood pressure is within physiological range. What is the most likely diagnosis?
unilateral right sided heart failure
which exogenous drug is used to treat anesthetic derived hypotension in horses?
dobutamine
dopamine would be used in dogs
You need to pull blood on a very headshy cow. What vein should you draw blood from?
coccygeal vein
what force aiding in venous blood flow back to the heart pushes the remnant pressure of the arterial side of circulation?
Vis a Tergo
which type of edema can be caused by type I hypersensitivities?
Increased vascular permeability
what is the main cause of high pressure (cardiogenic) pulmonary edema?
left sided CHF
a dog experiencing hypertension needs to be prescribed an arteriodilator that reduces afterload. What drug can be used to help in this case?
amlodipine
What is different about the equine lymphatic system that is not seen in other animals?
the hoses have several smaller lymph nodes called the lympho-center
how does the heart respond when tissues increase oxygen demand?
increased cardiac output
a 10yo dog presents with ascites associated with chronic liver disease. The albumin concentration is low. Which starling force has been affected in this case?
Capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure
what happens to cardiac output during tachycardia?
decreases
an owner complains that their dog, who was previously prescribed a medication for CHF, is showing signs of increased urinating/drinking, a mild decrease in energy and a little bit of vomiting/diarrhea. which drug has most likely been used in this case?
spironolactone
what is the main tributary of the cranial vena cava?
bracheocephalic veins
what system has long term control of arterial pressure and the kidneys?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
what is the main difference between inflammation and congestion even though they both produce fluid in the interstitial space?
inflammation - active process, change in morphology of blood vessels, fluid leaves blood vessels
congestion - passive process, decreased outflow, stasis of blood flow
during compensated hypovolemic shock, the baroreceptor reflex will cause what?
tachycardia and vasoconstriction
which drug is a positive ionotropic drug used to increase cardiac contractility by increasing the heart's sensitivity to calcium?
Pimobendan