M&M
The creation of lift on a cambered airfoil creates a pitching moment in what direction?
Nose down
What are pilot induced oscillations and how are they caused?
Up and down or side-to-side wobbles caused by out-of-phase inputs and overcorrections by the pilot.
What is wave drag?
A sudden, powerful resistance that pushes against an object moving through a fluid. Aircraft experience this during transonic (near the speed of sound) and supersonic (faster than the speed of sound) flight.
The time to dampen oscillations to one half amplitude is termed what?
The amplitude half-life
What is the increased stall speed at 60 degrees angle of bank?
Increased by 41% or a factor of 1.41
What is a graveyard spin and how is it caused?
Define the critical Mach Number.
The lowest free-stream Mach number at which the airflow over any localized part of an aircraft first reaches the speed of sound.
Describe adverse yaw and how is it created?
Adverse yaw is an airplane's tendency to yaw in the opposite direction of a rolling or banking maneuver. This is caused by the increased drag created by the downward deflected aileron as it creates more lift.
What load factor can be expected at a 60 deg angle of bank?
2G
What features were added to early high speed aircraft to retain the controllability of the ailerons?
Inboard ailerons, Increased Wing Torsional Stiffness, Flight Spoilers and Spoilerons, Hydraulic Control Boosters, Geared Trim Tabs and Servo Tabs
What is the difference between a stabilizer and a stabilator?
A stabilator is a single all-moving surface while a stabilizer is a fixed surface with a hinged, movable elevator attached.
What is the "area rule" when discussing high speed aircraft design?
An aerodynamic design principle used to minimize wave drag.
Longitudinal stability is pitch about what aircraft axis?
Lateral axis
Directional stability is yaw about what aircraft axis?
Vertical
What is a drawback of swept wings?
Low-speed performance is degraded, causing an increased stall speed and longer take-off and landing distances. The wing tips will stall first, resulting in a loss of aileron control before the entire wing has stalled.
What component of lift causes an airplane to turn?
The horizontal component of lift.
What variable in the atmosphere causes the speed of sound to change?
Temperature.
The aircraft design feature used to counter wing roll while side slipping is _________?
Wing dihedral
What is the purpose of the horizontal tail surfaces on an airplane?
To provide pitch control and longitudinal stability
By what "mechanism" is the pressure wave of sound transmitted?
Molecular collision
What impact does aircraft speed have in turn radius?
Higher speed results in a larger turn radius. Lower speed results in a smaller turn radius.
What is a supercritical airfoil?
A specialized wing cross-section designed to delay the onset of wave drag including a flattened upper surface, larger leading-edge radius, and highly cambered aft section.
What is load factor when discussing aircraft in a turn?
The ratio of the total lift generated by an aircraft to its total weight measured in units of G-Force
What was the aircraft that first broke the sound barrier and who was it flown by?
Bell X-1 Glamorous Glennis flown by U.S. Air Force Captain Chuck Yeager
What happens to pressure before and after a wing shock wave?
Before the shock wave the static pressure is low, temperature is low, and the flow has high kinetic energy. After the shock wave the static pressure increases sharply, alongside increases in density and temperature, while the flow speed drops abruptly