Theoretical Models & Systems
This formula states that Decoding multiplied by Language Comprehension equals Reading Comprehension.
What is the Simple View of Reading?
This is the smallest unit of sound in a spoken word.
What is a phoneme?
This is a group of two or more consonants where each individual sound is still heard (e.g., st, fl).
What is a blend?
This syllable type ends in a consonant and usually contains a short vowel sound.
What is a closed syllable?
This cognitive process is how the brain links phonemes to graphemes to store words for instant retrieval.
What is orthographic mapping?
This model uses the metaphor of "strands" being woven together to represent increasingly strategic and automatic reading.
What is Scarborough’s Reading Rope?
This PA skill involves breaking a word down into its individual sounds, such as saying /c/ /a/ /t/ for "cat."
What is segmenting?
This is a two-letter combination that represents a single phoneme (e.g., sh, ch, th).
What is a digraph?
This syllable type ends in a vowel, which usually results in a long vowel sound.
What is an open syllable?
This phase of explicit instruction involves the teacher modeling the skill for the students.
What is the "I Do" phase?
This processor in the 4-Part model is responsible for detecting and identifying the sounds in spoken language.
What is the Phonological Processor?
This level of the PA continuum is considered the most sophisticated and involves adding, deleting, or substituting sounds.
What is phoneme manipulation?
These are high-frequency words with irregular parts that students must learn to map "by heart."
What are Heart Words?
This syllable type is found at the end of words like stable or little.
What is Consonant-le?
This type of text is specifically designed to include only phonics patterns that students have already been taught.
What is a decodable text?
This term refers to the system of rules governing the internal structure of words and the study of word parts like roots and affixes.
What is Morphology?
This articulation feature describes whether or not the vocal cords vibrate during the production of a sound.
What is voicing?
This spelling rule, often called the FLOSS rule, dictates doubling the final f, l, s, or z after a short vowel in a one-syllable word.
What are Bonus Letters?
This is the standard division pattern used to divide a word like nap/kin.
What is VC/CV?
This term describes instruction that follows a logical, predetermined scope and sequence from easy to complex.
What is systematic instruction?
These two processors sit at the "top" of the 4-part model and are responsible for vocabulary and situational understanding.
What are the Meaning and Context processors?
This is the initial consonant or consonant cluster that precedes the vowel in a syllable.
What is the onset?
This three-letter combination represents a single phoneme, such as the tch in match.
What is a trigraph?
This is the technical name for the "Magic E" syllable type.
What is Vowel-Consonant-e (VCe)?
This instructional tool organizes phonemes by their place and manner of articulation rather than by letter.
What is a Sound Wall?