Conceptual Approach
Shared outlooks and modes of behavior among individuals with similar place-based circumstances and shared social networks
Culture
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Abolished slavery except as a punishment for a crime and stated there is no middle ground between enslavement and citizenship (abolished second-class citizenship)
All-White enclave that banned Black people from entering after dark
Sundown Town
Developed to perpetuate slavery, generate profit, and maintain White supremacy; enforced through controlling Black women's sexuality and reproductive experiences
Race (social construct)
Two primary tools of wealth accumulation in the US
Education and Homeownership
Economy, Government, Education, Religion, Family, Healthcare, Policing
Social Institutions
Granted citizenship and full protections of the constitution to those born on US soil
14th Amendment
This term refers to the large numbers of Black people who moved to escape from the hostility and violence of the Jim Crow South to the perceived better opportunities in the North
The Great Migration
Phrase used to demonstrate the presence of African people prior to 1776
"Before the Mayflower"
Two types of private practices that perpetuate residential segregation
White flight, redlining
this shared construction of reality can present barriers to social change
Cultural Frame
Developed to allow slavery to persist but limit the power of southern states within government
Classified enslaved people as 3/5 of a human
Three-Fifths Compromise
Used by the mainstream media to develop racial ideology (Jason Aldean)
Imagery
"the offspring follows the belly"; this statute maintained the racial hierarchy, created a permanent labor supply, made slave status inheritable, and cast Black women's wombs as the producers of their children's subjugated condition
Partus Sequitir Ventrem (1662)
De Jure vs. Defacto Segregation
De Jure- state-sanctioned and developed via policy
De-facto- segregation as part of decisions made by individuals
Written from a Euro-centric perspective; disseminated in Western education systems and mass media; others marginalized communities
Master Narratives
“Every Negro and Mulatto child born within the State after the passing of the Act (1780) would be free upon reaching age twenty-eight”
Gradual Emancipation
These interconnected systems represent the foundations of policing and mass incarceration by establishing partial-slavery through coerced labor
Sharecropping and Convict Leasing
The fruit of power
History
How does Rothstein use the 13th amendment to further his argument about housing discrimination?
Perpetuates second-class citizenship as extension of slavery therefore housing discrimination and segregation are constitutional violation
Two Characteristics of Social Institutions
Enduring and Intergenerational
This declaration criminalized idleness and encouraged the freedmen to remain in their current "homes" and maintain "employment" (Juneteenth)
General Order No. 3
What is Candacy Taylor's primary intervention?
Racial terror and caste systems were also perpetuated in the North through sundown towns.
Jim Crow of the North
Makes enslavement central to the development of America as opposed to an abberation
Marking the beginning of U.S. history in 1619 instead of 1776
Rothstein's primary intervention
Laws intentionally used to segregate American society; moral and ethical obligation to remedy the harms