Bakke v. UofC
Allan Bakke applied to the David Medical School this many times
What is two times?
This case involved the admissions policy of this university’s law school
What is the University of Michigan?
Whether colleges can consider race as a factor in admission decisions was a main issue in which case
SFFA v. Harvard & UNC
This 4-letter acronym stands for the free form that students in the U.S. must fill out to apply for federal grants, loans, and work-study
What is FAFSA?
This city threw out firefighter promotion results in Ricci v. DeStefano
What is New Haven?
This was the reason Bakke was eventually admitted
What is no proof of original rejection?
This amendment was used to challenge the admissions policy as unconstitutional
What is The Fourteenth Amendment?
SCOTUS say these admissions policies violated which part of the Constitution
The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
This type of financial aid is a "gift" that does not have to be repaid, unlike a student loan
What is a Grant (or Scholarship)?
The firefighters that sued claimed this type of discrimination after promotional test results were thrown out
What is racial discrimination?
This system was used by Regents of the University of California
What is race as a plus factor?
The Court said diversity in higher education is this type of interest
What is compelling state interest?
They decided that race-conscious admissions programs at Harvard & UNC were unconstitutional
What is the Supreme Court of the United States?
These specific policies are used by colleges to create a diverse student body by considering a student's life experiences and racial identity as one part of their application
What is Affirmative Action?
The plaintiffs argued they were victims of this type of discrimination
What is disparate treatment?
This was the majority opinion
What is Race and ethnic background can be used as a plus factor, rather than a determining factor?
This was the name of the plaintiff who challenged the law school’s admissions policy
Who is Barbara Grutter?
This standard of Judicial review applies to policies that classifies individuals by race
What is strict scrutiny?
These programs, often used as an alternative to race-based aid, guarantee college admission and scholarships to students who graduate in the top 10% or 20% of their high school class
What are Percent Plans?
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of this group in a 5–4 decision
Who are the firefighters who passed the exam (Ricci and others)?
This was the dissenting argument
What is the admission program should be appeared for the purpose of opening doors for marginalized races?
This justice wrote the majority opinion supporting the law school’s policy
Who is Sandra Day O’Connor?
UNC was subjected directly to the 14th Amendment of the constitution because it was a public institution, Harvard was subjected here due to it being a private institution
What is Title 6 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
This type of scholarship is being challenged for limiting eligibility based on race or ethnicity.
What is a race-specific scholarship?
The Court said employers need this level of evidence before discarding test results
What is a “strong basis in evidence” that they would be liable for disparate impact?