Empires
True or False: The Songhai Empire came before the Mali Empire
False
What group caused the debate about whether or not Liberia was colonized?
The American Colonization Society
What is Open Slavery?
Slaves could be relatively free and advance in society:
Slavery was generally non-heritable
Slaves could attain positions of trust and influence
What are the Three C's of the Scramble for Africa?
1. Comerce
2. Civilization
3. Christianity
Economic Companies
Private companies from Europe would control a territory for natural resources
Who was the founder of the Mali Empire?
Sundiata
What happened to Congo after Leopold II?
The Belgium Parliament took it and it became a colony of Belgium
What is Closed Slavery?
Slaves were enslaved for life and could not advance to freedom:
Was racially based
Slaves were treated as legal property
People were born as slaves
The _________ ______________ was an event where diplomats divided Africa into territories
The Berlin Conference
Indirect Rule
European countries would use indigenous African leaders to control their colonies for them. Europeans would not physically be present in their colony
A lot of Ghana Empire's wealth came from what?
Gold
What happened to Ethiopia after the Scramble for Africa?
Nothing, it remained a free, independent state
What is Assimilation?
Adopting the customs, language, and values of a dominant culture, often letting go of their own original traditions. In the case of Africa, this was forced assimilation imposed by Europeans.
What were the effects of the Scramble for Africa?
Indigenous culture and systems were either overshadowed or disappeared
Creation of nation-states and borders
Economic exploitation
Direct Rule
Aside from Egypt and Meroe, Aksum was the only ancient African kingdom known to have developed what?
a written language
How much of Africa was colonized by Europeans by 1914?
96%
What is Imperialism?
The extension of authority and power by a nation over foreign countries through the acquisition of territories, empire-building
1. How did King Leopold convince other nations to give him Congo?
2. What was he actually trying to do in Congo?
1. Through Christianity and "civilizing" the people of Congo
2. He wanted to harvest rubber which led him to harsh, inhumane extremes such as cutting off hands.
Settler Rule
Where Europeans would come and migrate to the colony to live there. They would create systems of government and displace local populations.
What network of exchange did the Swahili Coastal City States use?
The Indian Ocean Trade Routes
Within a decade of the Scramble for Africa, which 4 territories avoided European conquest?
1. Morocco
2. Liberia
3. Ethiopia
4. parts of Somalia
What is the White Man's Burden?
The belief that it was the responsibility of the white man to civilize the “uncivilized”
Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa?
1. Great distrust and violence arose between African states
2. Intra-African trade slowed to a halt
3. European diseases were introduced
How has Africa been “denied history”? (dangers of a single story)
The belief that history in Africa hadn't begun until Europeans came.