Landform influences
How do Rivers influence agriculture in Africa?
Irrigation and fertility and water supply
What is one of the most influential population movements in human history called ? (spreading from West-Central Africa into the southern and eastern regions, carrying with them ironworking, farming, and language.)
Bantu Migration
Arbitrary Borders:
Colonial borders divided ethnic groups and merged rival communities
How did Africa centralize authoritarian rule?
Dominant party system
What countries in Africa have managed to us their resource wealth correctly
Botswana, Ghana, Cape Verde
How do Deserts influence economic development in Africa?
Resource constraints and solar potential
What shaped where people lived, how they made a living, and how much they interacted with others in Africa? (Pre-colonial)
deserts, rainforests, mountains, savannas, and river valleys
paradox that countries rich in natural resources (like oil, diamonds, or minerals) often experience slower economic growth, weaker institutions, and more political instability than resource-poor countries.
Resource Curse
How has creating an extractive economy affected Africa?
Limited diversification, caused economic dependency
Many new states adopted _____ Constitutions
Western Style
How do mineral rich areas influence agriculture in Africa?
Neglect of agriculture, land use conflicts
How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact Africa?
reshaped ethnic identities, fostered new languages and cultural blends, and spread African traditions throughout the Americas — while deeply transforming societies on both sides of the Atlantic.
a system of governance where a colonial power controls a territory through the use of existing local rulers and traditional political structures, rather than direct administration
Indirect rule
Struggle to build accountability mechanisms within the government has caused?
Corruption
Natural resource wealth strengthened what regime?
Authoritarian
How do Deserts influence agriculture in Africa?
Low rainfall, pastoralism, desertification
ironworking, agriculture, and new social and political systems
where governments rely on resource rents (e.g., oil revenues) rather than taxes.
Rentier States
What country used indirect rule?
Great Britain
Independence movements centralized political power initially to promote _____ and _____
Unity and development
How do Rivers influence economic development in Africa?
Hydroelectric Power, Settlement Patterns
The _____ trade brought over ____ religion
Trans-Saharan; Islamic
formal democratic institutions with informal, patronage-based politics
Neopatrimonialism.
Because colonial administrations prioritized extraction and control over institution-building, few countries inherited strong legislatures, judiciaries, or bureaucracies. Causing for a ____
weak political institutions
______ often replaced one form of centralized rule with another, perpetuating cycles of authoritarianism and weakening democratic institutions.
Military Coups