The Scramble for Africa
What event led Africa to be divided among European countries?
Berlin Conference (1884)
What is imperialism?
Imperialism is when one country exerts control over another country. It could be direct control (annexation) or other types of control (using natural resources, transforming economy).
What is apartheid?
Apartheid is institutionalized racial segregation.
What is decolonization?
The process by which a country regains its independence after being colonized
In Rwanda - which group were victims of genocide, and which group enacted it?
Victims: Tutsis
Enacted: Hutus
True or false:
African leaders were present at the Berlin Conference
False
Which European country colonized the Congo?
Belgium
Who was the most famous anti-apartheid leader in South Africa?
Nelson Mandela
Who was the most famous anti-colonial activist in Kenya?
How many civil wars has Sudan had?
3
Why did Europeans want to colonize Africa? Give at least two answers.
Natural resources
Strategic location
Nationalism
To "civilize" the people there
Why did European imperialism of Africa cause political instability in Africa?
They drew arbitrary borders and exploited tribal conflict for their own benefit
Another name for the Boers is...
Afrikaaners
Who was the most famous anti-colonial activist in Ghana?
Kwame Nkrumah
Why did the Hutu resent the Tutsi?
Because the Belgians treated the Tutsi better during the colonial period
European countries had a presence along the African coast before the colonial period. What were they doing there?
Trading
Many railroads were built in Africa during the colonial period. Why? What were they intended to do?
When did apartheid end?
1994
What is Pan-Africanism?
A movement for unity among African countries, with the shared goal of achieving a decolonized Africa
In Darfur, who were the victims of genocide, and who enacted it?
Victims: African Muslims native to the area
Enacted it: Arab militias armed by the government (Janjaweed/RSF)
Why was Europe able to successfully colonize Africa in the 1800s? In other words - what advantages did they have?
Technological advancements, including better weapons and quinine (drug that fights malaria)
What was the cause of the First Italo-Ethiopian War?
Mistranslation of the Treaty of Wuchale. Italy thinks they have colonized Ethiopia, and Ethiopia thinks they have just established a diplomatic relationship with them.
What were some enduring effects of apartheid on South African society?
Economic inequality
Spatial segregation
Poor health outcomes
How did Algeria ultimately gain its independence?
They used guerilla warfare and terrorism.
Eventually, France did not feel it was worth it to keep fighting to hold onto the territory, and they let it go in 1962.
Why is Nigeria involved in the dangerous business of recycling lead?
They are dependent on larger economic powers in order for their economy to stay afloat, and there is demand for recycled lead