Who's who
An ethnic group that is defined as - the descendants of the enslaved Africans in continental North America.
Who are African Americans?
The non-religious music that enslaved Africans/African Americans were believed to not have.
What is secular music?
The U.S. war fought over the abolishment of U.S. chattel slavery.
What is the civil war?
African American religious music from the Antebellum era.
What are spirituals?
A cultural pillar of various indigenous Africans’ everyday life. Their relationship to it is different than the European enslavers’/colonizers’ relationship to it?
What is music?
A singer-activist who was the first to perform a solo recital entirely of spirituals.
Who is Paul Robeson?
The instrument once believed to be invented by Joel Walker Sweeney in the 1830’s.
What is the banjo?
The year enslaved Africans were brought to North America?
What is 1619?
Started in the 1870s as a means to support Fisk University, this highly successful musical group inspired the development of HBCU choir culture and the spread of the “arranged spiritual.”
(Answer with the final/current name)
Who are the Jubilee Singers?
The shifting of accents from standard Western stressed beats to atypical stress points in the measure
What is syncopation?
The soloist from New York City who is credited as the first (1st) person to arrange a spiritual for solo voice.
Who is Harry T. Burleigh?
The ____ and the banjo were instruments associated with dance music.
What is the fiddle?
A controversial art form that had white musicians (some time black ones) perform degrading caricatures of African Americans. It’s popularity lead to the perpetuation of several lasting stereotypes.
What is minstrel? (or minstrelsy)
Call and response singing, hand clapping, and other percussion that incorporates highly stylized religious dance.
What is the Ring Shout?
The quality that differentiates two instruments from each other.
What is timbre?
The ex-union vet who started the “Colored Christian Singers.”
Who is George White?
A short, florid, improvised melody sung by an individual working in the fields.
(type of work song)
What is a Field Holler?
The label used to identify activist who organized around the abolishment of chattel slavery. This group inadvertently perpetuated a flattened perspective of slaves in their fight against the pervasive imagery of minstrelsy.
Who are Abolitionists?
Clandestine gatherings in spaces designated for purposes other than worship.
What are invisible churches?
Metric compositions that are typically eight (8) bars of rhyming couplets, loosely based on biblical text.
What are hymns?
A freed slave who establishes the independent African Methodist Episcopal (AME) congregation.
Who is Richard Allen?
Improvised derisive singing, often made satirical when in front of Whites/Europeans.
What are protest songs?
The 1740’s event that signals a dramatic rise in the Christian demographic among the enslaved.
What is the “Great Awakening”?
The congregation that was started in the north for free and enslaved African Americans to have a safe space to worship.
(answer with full name)
What is African Methodist Episcopal?
The layering of contrasting rhythms demonstrated in the performance of “Buzz Loope.”
What are polyrhythms?