African Leaders
Who demonstrated Mali’s wealth through a famous pilgrimage to Mecca?
Mansa Musa
Which empire became powerful through gold and salt trade?
Mali Empire
What key military innovation did Shaka Zulu introduce?
Bull Horn Formation
A military tactic where the army forms two flanking groups that surround the enemy from both sides
Bull Horn Formation
What was the capital city of the Mali Empire, known as the Center of Education?
Timbuktu
Which leader successfully stopped the Portuguese by forming strategic alliances?
Queen Nzinga
What was Timbuktu famous for during Mali’s golden age?
It's schools and libraries
What was Queen Nzinga known for making with surrounding empires?
Strategic alliances
A form of irregular warfare where small groups use surprise attacks and ambushes to fight a larger, more traditional army.
Guerilla Warfare
What was the system of American slavery known as?
Chattel Slavery
What was Shaka Zulu’s main contribution to African history?
Uniting various tribes into the Zulu nation (or the Bull Horn Formation)
How did Songhai maintain control over its vast territory?
Government of governorships
Which empire was known for their advanced tax system?
Songhai Empire
People or countries that take over and control another area, often by force; to use its land, resources, or people for their own benefit
Colonizers
When millions of Africans (approximately 15 million)were forced to travel to the Americas between the 1500s and 1800s
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Who successfully defended Ethiopia from an Italian invasion?
Menelik II
How did the Benin Empire gain wealth?
Trade, including ivory and pepper
What was a key aspect of Menelik II’s military strategy?
Modernization of Ethiopia's army
Countries or leaders working together to solve problems without fighting, using communication and negotiation instead
Diplomacy
Which two leaders successfully resisted European colonizers?
Queen Nzinga and Menelik II
The Benin Empire was ruled by a king, what was their title?
Oba
Why were the Benin Bronzes important?
Showed the wealth, power, and sophistication of the Benin Empire
What was the bull horn formation used for?
To surround the enemy on both sides
The process of adopting new technology, weapons, or systems to improve and strengthen a country or society
Modernization
What made chattel slavery different from other forms of slavery?
It treated people as permanent property, passed down through generations