People
Commissioned by King Leopold II of Belgium to help obtain land in the Congo. His treaties between 1879 and 1882 gave King Leopold II control of much of the Congo Basin.
Who is Henry Stanley?
Region in Africa defining the transition between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian tropical savannas to the south. Meaning "the shore" in Arabic, indicating the shore of the vast Saharan "sea".
What is the Sahel?
A country or territory governed, settled, and often exploited by a foreign power.
What is a colony?
The belief that one race is superior to others.
What is racism?
Fourteen European nations meet in 1884-1885 to lay down rules for the division of Africa.
What is the Berlin Conference?
A Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state.
Who is Shaka?
What is Liberia?
Those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were superior to others. Non-Europeans were considered to be on a lower scale of cultural and physical development.
What is Social Darwinism?
Claimed Causes for Colonization (3Cs)
The first modern "total" war, resulted in the British forcing Dutch settlers from South Africa on the Great Trek.
What is the Boer War?
Missionary from Scotland who supported the ideas and freedom of native peoples suppressed under European imperialism.
Who is David Livingstone?
Eventual site of one of largest genocides in African history as the result of rubber harvesting in the Congo.
What is the Congo Free State?
Europeans governed people in a parental way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights or freedoms.
What is paternalism?
Forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.
What is imperialism?
An uprising in German East Africa which erupted after African villagers resisted the Germans' insistence that they plant and grow cotton as a cash crop rather than attend their own crops for food. The fighters believed that their war had been ordained by God and that magic water would turn German bullets into water.
What is the Maji Maji Rebellion?
Hero of the Mandingo people, he built the third largest empire in West Africa, spending 16 years opposing the French imperialists in West Africa.
Who is Samori Toure?
One of the most culturally diverse areas in Africa, 250 different ethnic groups made it difficult for Britain to effectively manage such a complex area.
A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power.
What is a protectorate?
European powers could acquire rights to land only if they demonstrated the ability to 1) colonize/settle the land and/or 2) install a European administrator to establish the presence of an imperial claimant in indigenous territories.
What is the Principle of Effective Occupation?
An Islamic revolt against the Egyptian government in Sudan. Egyptian rule over the Sudan included high rates of taxation, taking of slaves, and control over all trade. An Islamic cleric proclaimed a holy war--jihad--against the Egyptian and now British government which resulted in thousands of Mahdist deaths despite gruesome beheadings of British officers.
What is the Mahdist Revolution?
Emperor of Ethiopia who successfully played the Italians, French, and British against each other. He built up large stores of modern weapons and, after Italians claimed all of Ethiopia as a protectorate, declared war. At the Battle of Adwa, he successfully defeated the Italians and kept Ethiopia independent.
Who is Menelik II?
The Berlin Conference guaranteed European countries unrestricted navigation on these two major navigable rivers of Africa.
What are the Niger and the Congo?
French supported policy which held that in time, local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French.
What is assimilation?
The legal concept that an area is vacant and can be claimed by outsiders; those who happen to live there do not have a prior claim if they cannot show ownership documents such as written deeds.
What is terra nullius?
What is the Anglo-Ashanti Wars?