General internal medicine
What is the first line treatment of papulopustular rosacea
Topical metronidazole / azelaic acid / ivermectin
Also avoidance of triggers
When do we start colon cancer screening
At 45 yo for average risk, with no later than 50 yo
For increased risk: 40 years old or 10 years before 1st degree relative had colon cancer or advanced adenoma
What is the definition of drug-resistant hypertension
Not at goal with 3 meds one of which is diuretic, OR controlled but with 4 meds
What is the first line treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction?
ICS-formoterol
Finish this sentence: "Nothing beats (...)"
A JET2 HOLIDAY
Name 2 contraindications to combined hormonal birth control
Hx of VTE, migraine with aura, breast cancer, Age > 35 yo and smoking >15 cigarettes/day
When do we start SBP prophylaxis (can be inpatient and outpatient)
Cirrhosis + GI bleeding
Primary: advanced cirrhosis and low ascites protein with impaired renal or hyponatremia
Secondary: with anyone who had a prior episode
Name two indications for aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis
Severe + symptoms
Severe + LV systolic dysfunction (EF<50%) (in asymptomatic patient)
Concomitant other cardiac procedure (CABG, ascending aorta surgery)
How can we diagnose asthma if PFTs with bronchodilator are normal?
Bronchial challenge testing (methacholine/histamine)
Name 4 ways/medications to treat hyperkalemia
I.V. Calcium
insulin + glucose
beta-agonists
sodium bicarb (if acidotic)
loop diuretics
K binders
dialysis
What are the cauda equina syndrome symptoms (name 3)
Bilateral leg weakness, that might be associated with saddle anesthesia, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and ED
What are 3 criteria to diagnose pancreatitis
(1) acute-onset abdominal pain characteristic of pancreatitis
(2) elevation in pancreatic enzymes at least three times the upper limit of normal
(3) findings on cross-sectional imaging characteristic of acute pancreatitis.
Name 3 out of 4 medication groups decreasing mortality for HFrEF:
ARNI/ACE-I/ARBs
Beta blockers
Mineralocorticoid receptor agonists (MRAs)
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Name at least 3 out of 4 types of shock
Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Distributive
Who wrote the song Nokia
Drake
Which pharmacologic medications are FDA approved as first line for PTSD?
First line: SSRI -> sertraline and paroxetine
Prazosin is for nightmares associated with PTSD
When do we do cholecystectomy in ASYMTPOMATIC gallstones?
Give me 1 indication
Gallstones >3 cm
Porcelain gallbladder
Gallbladder polyps > 1cm
Name 2 drugs from class I antiarrhythmic drugs
Lidocaine, mexiletine (class IB)
Flecainide, propafenone (class IC)
What are diagnostic criteria for DKA (new)?
Glucose >200 or Hx of DM
Ketosis (b hydroxy buterate >3 mmol/l or urine ketones 2+)
metabolic acidosis pH <7.3 or bicarb <18 mmol/L
Which hematologic malignancies are oncologic emergencies?
Acute leukemias in general, especially AML, ALL and APL (subtype of AML)
Name perioperative risk calculator
The revised cardiac risk index
American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator
Gupta Perioperative Risk for Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest (MICA) Calculator
Which criteria do we use in determining the need of liver transplant for patients with early/localized HCC
The Milan criteria
What is the new disease-specific medication for treatment of symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Mavacamten (a cardiac myosin inhibitor)
What is the name of diagnostic criteria for ARDS
Berlin criteria
BONUS 100 points if you can name 2 of them
What is a glucocorticoid-sparing agent we could use in patients with giant cell arteritis?
Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 blocker