Lipids
Where does lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and lipase come from
Salivary glands, chief cells, pancreas
Where does alpha amylase come from? What does it break down?
Salivary glands and pancreatic juice. Starch.
What activates pepsinogen
HCl
What three microbes facilitate microbial digestion
Bacteria fungi and protozoa
What organ receives bile and pancreatic juice?
Duodenum.
Where does lipid digestion begin?
Mouth for monos. Stomach for ruminants.
Where do the enzymes for carb digestion come from?
Brush Border
Why is nitrogen so important in regards to ruminants and protein?
NPN gives microbes a nitrogen source for protein synthesis. You can feed cheap proteins to ruminants and microbes will synthesize high quality proteins.
At what point does ruminant digestion become almost identical to the digestion of a monogastric?
When the bonus reaches the abomasum.
Name the regions of the stomach and the glandular elements of each.
Esophageal; cardiac, fundic, pyloric
What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion.
Emulsification of lipid globules.
Name the structural carbs.
Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin
How do microbes make crude protein
By combining ammonia nitrogen and a carbon Skelton from a carbohydrate.
What are the VFAs
Acetic, Propionic, Butyric
Where is fermentation happening?
Large intestine
Name the EFAs
Linoleum Acid, Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid
How to glucose and galactose enter the enterocyte. Fructose?
Na+, GLUT5
How does nitrogen recycling work?
NH3 is absorbed through rumen wall to the blood, liver converts it to urea, urea is excreted in urine.
What are the products of fermentation?
NH3, VFAs, Amino acids, CO2, CH4
Which species has the largest cecum?
Horse
What do double bonds have a big effect on?
Melting point
Where does carb digestion take place in a mono?
Mouth, small intestine, finished by the ileum
Name the pancreatic enzymes that break down different proteins.
Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase, proelestase, college age
Where do microbes like the hang out?
The slurry zone of the rumen, and the rumen wall.
Large intestine is made of what
Colon, cecum