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Absolutism
Scientific Revolution
Philosophy
Values
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100
How did England's Henry VIII establish himself as one of England's few absolute rulers?
He changed the national religion to Protestant, created the Church of England and consolidated power of church and state in himself.
100
Which Scientist is responsible for developing the scientific method as a means for questioning and understanding the world?
Francis Bacon
100
Which Enlightenment philosophe was known for establishing the separation of powers as a means to ensure equality at the government level?
Who is Montesquieu
100
Medieval feudalism most exemplified which traditional value?
What is hierarchy
100
How did Newton's laws of motion challenge traditional religious authority?
They demonstrated the universe was well-regulated and acted upon laws of nature, not an omnipotent god.
200
In what was did Peter the Great establish Absolute authority over the Russian nobility in his attempt at modernizing Russia?
Forced them to adopt western clothing and cut their beards. Refusal to follow rules resulted in heavy fines or land/titles being revoked.
200
Calculus and the three laws of motion were invented by which Enlightenment era scientist?
Isaac Newton
200
Which philosopher believed that human nature was nasty, brutish, and short, and thus the state of nature is in fact a condition of war and anarchy?
Who is Thomas Hobbes
200
John Locke supported which type of value when establishing government?
What is democracy
200
The Magna Carta established a precedent for which type of government?
What is Constitutional Monarchy
300
In order to further control the French nobility, who did Louis XIV appoint to collect taxes and conduct the day-to-day operations in France.
Intendents
300
Though he never fully challenged the authority of the Church, which scientist was the first to believe that the Universe did not revolve around the Earth?
Nicholas Copernicus
300
Which event inspired the writings of the first Enlightenment philosophers?
What is the English Civil War
300
Which values are paramount to understanding the state of nature according to Locke?
Equality, liberty
300
List three effects of the Glorious Revolution
1. Transition of monarchical power without a drop of bloodshed 2. Establishment of William and Mary as King and Queen of England 3. Creation of the English Bill of Rights permanently limiting the power of the Monarchy in England
400
Where does an absolute Monarch obtain their authority?
From God
400
Tried by the Inquisition and placed under house arrest, which astronomer and scientist challenged the teachings of the church by proving that stars and planets were imperfectly formed
Galileo
400
How did Mary Wollstonecraft adapt John Locke's philosophy on Natural Rights?
By applying them to gender equality when advocating for equal education as a means to equal participation in public life.
400
Values developed out of the Enlightenment would spark 18th century revolutions located in...?
France and America
400
An Agreement between man and society allowing government to dominate in return for protection is known as...
What is Social Contract
500
What was the outcome of the English Civil War in terms of eliminating Absolutism from English government?
Absolute Monarchy (Charles I) was replaced by Absolute Dictator (Oliver Cromwell)
500
How does the scientific revolution endorse enlightenment ideals?
Science is based on rational thought that can be understood by the human mind.
500
In what way did Adam Smith apply the ideals of the enlightenment to economics?
By creating the notion of free market capitalism
500
According to Hobbes, the Authority of an Absolute Monarch will ensure the protection of which other traditional value?
Order
500
"There must be some coercive power to compel men equally to the performance of their covenants... by the terror of some punishments greater than the benefit they expect by the breach of their covenant" Who wrote this quote, and what type of government does it advocate?
Thomas Hobbes; Absolute Monarchy