Absolute Monarchs
This absolute monarch is known for breaking England's ties with the Church, but also his disastrous marriages, of which he had six.
Who is King Henry VIII?
Despite his philosophy of selfish, naturally evil humans being at odds with his fellow philosophers, this English philosopher and politician is still considered to be an Enlightenment Philosopher.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This English power couple transitioned England into a Constitutional Monarchy during the Glorious Revolution; the first and last time a King and Queen ruled England equally.
Who are King William III & Queen Mary II?
A political system in which a single ruler, group, or political party has complete power over a country
What is Absolutism?
This Polish astronomer studied astronomy in Italy, and published his book just before his death, thereby avoiding punishment from the Church.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
This king of Spain saw both the rise and fall of the Spanish Empire, collecting enough silver from his New World colonies to bankrupt his European kingdoms.
Who is Phillip II?
This English philosopher believed that every was born with natural rights, and that a government's only purpose was to protect those rights.
Who is John Locke?
This event, occurring after the English Civil War, saw the people of England requesting the Dutch Prince, William, and his wife, Mary, to become the Constitutional monarchs of England.
What is The Glorious Revolution?
The act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies
What is the Separation of Powers?
This Danish astronomer/astrologer, famous for losing his nose in a Mathematic inspired duel, became the royal astronomer of Denmark.
Who is Tycho Brahe?
Though this Czar of Russia also helped to modernize his empire by copying Western European culture, he is better known for illegalizing long beards.
Who is Peter the Great?
This Swiss philosopher, who believed that people were born good, and created a Social Contract, had one of the "Frenchest" names imaginable.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
This Prussian king, also called the Kartoffelkonig (Potato King) and Mr. Lowery's favorite, preferred to master the arts, though he was also a skilled general.
Who is Frederick the Great?
An agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits
What is the Social Contract?
This German astronomer studied under Tycho Brahe, witnessed the Great Comet of 1577, and developed the Three Laws of Planetary Motion.
Who is Johannes Kepler?
This French monarch, famous for bankrupting his kingdom, and the quote, "I am the state", became THE icon for absolute monarchs.
Who is Louis XIV?
This English writer, also the mother of Mary Shelley, argued that men and women deserved equal rights and education.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
This Russian (but actually German) Empress married Peter the Great's childish grandson, and transformed Russia by educating women and communicating with philosophers.
Who is Catherine the Great?
The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience and experimentation
What is Empiricism?
This Italian astronomer did experiments with telescopes, air resistance, and Heliocentrism, but took back his discoveries when threatened by the Church.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
This luxurious French palace began as a hunting lodge under Louis XIII's reign, eventually becoming the home of all French nobility.
What is Versailles?
This French philosopher's critique of the Church, and advocacy for religious tolerance resulted in his imprisonment in the Bastille.
Who is Voltaire?
This Austrian king, also the Holy Roman Emperor, was known as the Peasant Emperor for his deep concern for the people, which also turned the nobility against him.
Who is Joseph II?
The belief that actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response
What is Rationalism?
This new view of the Solar System saw the sun at the center, instead of the Earth as the Church had taught for centuries.
What is Heliocentrism?