Types of Gov. & Authority
This type of government is ruled by king or queen
Monarchy
He used the telescope to confirm ideas about space.
Galileo
He believed in natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
His laws include the law of motion and the law of universal gravitation.
Isaac Newton
These gatherings brought together intellectuals and artists to share ideas.
A salon
A Government by the people for the people
Democracy
He wrote Principia Mathematica
Isaac Newton
He argued for reform in criminal justice and fair punishments
Beccaria
He promoted systematic scientific inquiry through observation and experimentation.
Francis Bacon
This was a defining quality of Enlightenment music—balance, order, or elegance.
Balance, order, or elegance
The belief that kings are chosen by God to rule
He developed the heliocentric theory of the universe
Copernicus
He claimed, “I think, therefore I am.”
Descartes
Rules discoverable by reason that govern human behavior.
Natural Law
These three composers shaped Enlightenment music.
Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven
Known as the “Sun King,” this French monarch symbolized absolute power.
Louis XIV
He showed that planets orbit in ellipses, not circles
Kepler
He wrote about the “social contract” and the “general will.”
Rousseau
The steps include Question → Hypothesis → Experiment → Observation → Conclusion.
Scientific Method
This Rococo artist is known for light, playful scenes
Fragonard
Rule by one person vs. rule by a small group.
Autocracy and oligarchy
This scientist collected detailed data on stars and planets, later used by Kepler
Tycho Brahe
He believed people were naturally selfish and needed a strong ruler.
Hobbes
These four guiding principles of the Enlightenment were used to understand human life.
reason, happiness, progress, and liberty
This Neoclassical painter emphasized seriousness and moral themes.
Jacques-Louis David